Archives: Glossary

Aracinovo – village in Skopje. It is located in the northeastern part of the Skopje valley at an altitude of about 260 m. With about 40 Kajagch’s frames from the village. S. Aracinovo, Skopje Regional road is related to Skopje, which is 7 km away. There are 7,315 h., Of which 594 are Macedonians and 6,677 Albanians. It is the seat of a municipality that covers an area of ​​3,130 ha, there are 4 settlements with 11,597 h. In the village there is an eight-year school, a health and police station. Al. ST.

Aramiska -. Macedonian Male People’s Oro by 01/16 (3,2,3,2,3). It was most often played in Bitola. It has combat content and mimic-dramatic elements: throwing bombs, shooting with guns, cutting with saber, etc. In the beginning, hands hold on shoulder, then, when the players move one behind another, hands freely lowered, without holding. Lit.: Mihailo Dimoski, Macedonian folk dances from the repertoire of the ensemble for folk songs and games “Tanec” Skopje, 1977, 203. F. M. F.

Aranzel, St. (Archangel Michael) – Chief of angels, senior angel. Before creating the material world (earth, heaven, the stars, man, etc.), the Lord created the spiritual world – the angels. At first they were all good. Later, some of them became bad, rebelled by God and began doing misdeeds. We call them devils. One among them named Denica, blinded by the great power of God, was rebelled, gathered a large company and created a whole invisibly heavenly spiritual kingdom. St. Archangel Michael defeated him, he took him from heaven, and later continued to fight for the glory of God, which is why he is presented in a duches with a sword and a spear in his hands. In the popular belief, he is presented with the sword taking the souls of people, which is why in some places he is called “Arangel Tessons”. Lit.: Yereum A. Orћ, o Holiday Orthodox Church, Belgrade, 1860. M. Keith.

Arbathic, Yuri (Moscow – 15. ⅳ 1911 – Chicago, 3. IX 1963) – Orgular, folklorist, pedagogue. Music studied in Leipzig. Later, he was a cathedral orgular and director of the Cathedral Orchestra in Belgrade, and since 1942. He worked at the Prague Calvity Institute. He studied the folklore of the Slavic peoples. He received his PhD (1943) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Prague with the topic “The playing of the Macedonian drum”. The Macedonian composer Pance Peshev was studied with him. A. Among other things, performed works by Macedonian composers. A preserved programmatic point from the concert in Leipzig states that he was performed by “Sixth Sonata for Orguli” by Pance Peshev and “Fantasy for Orguli” by Zivko Firfov. M. Cole. Arboretum of PMF in Skopje

Arboretum “Trubarevo” – is located 7 km south of Skopje, near the village of Trubarevo. Organized in 1953 In flooding terrains by the river Vardar on an area of ​​3.3 ha in order to create a living collection of trees and shrubs that will serve as an apparent study for forestry. By 1968 642 domestic and foreign species were entered, of which 84.6% broadolysis and 13.6% coniferous species. Except for teaching in the arboretum, observations of the reaction of certain types in the environmental conditions are carried out: Resistance to winter haters and summer sushi, phyo and zooparasites, fruit, vegetative propagation, etc. Immediately to the arboretum are raised plantations from different clones of poplars on an area of ​​24.5 ha. Measurements of growth and productivity of the wood mass were performed on them. In 1965 Arboretum has been declared a monument of nature and culture. R. R.

“Archaeological examination. (Archaeological examination). – Annual newsletter of the Archaeological Society of Yugoslavia, ie the University of Archaeological Companies of Yugoslavia. Contains preliminary announcements from archaeological researches carried out on the territory of the former SFRY, arranged according to the chronology of the situator, as well as according to the language and letter of the authors. The first number came out in 1959. By number 25 his editorial office is in Belgrade, and since 1985. It moves to Ljubljana, where 4 more numbers are printed, with a new editorial conception: receives format A4, the articles are richly illustrated, and the texts translated into English. In the AP regularly published and announcements from the investigated sites in Macedonia. Ceases to go out in 1988. C. S.

Archaeological Museum of Macedonia. The beginnings bind to the archaeological department in the museum of southern Serbia (1924), with Lapidarium in Kurshumli An. At the time of the fascist occupation of Macedonia, he is part of the reorganized National Museum (1942), who was destroyed in the bombing of Skopje. After the liberation continues as a department in the newly established National Museum of Macedonia, open on May 1, 1946. Later, with the reorganization (1949), it was transformed into an archaeological museum of Macedonia. By 1952 Works in the same setting in the Archaeological Museum, Skopje building with the Ethnographic Museum, and in 1953 it moves into the former barracks of the Kale fortress, which the earthquake (1963) demolves. By 1976 The museum continues to work in part of the cells of the reconstructed Kursumli An and in a shed built in his yard. In 1977 Together with the ethnological and historical museum, it moves in today’s museum building and join in an organization – SIST Museums of Macedonia. By 1984 Am, together with his medieval collection, realized several archaeological research (in Demir Kapija, Stobi, Isar-Marvinci), collected data on the archaeological topography of Macedonia, etc. He arrived exhibitions dedicated to medieval wall painting and iconography, and with copies of frescoes he participated in the exhibition for medieval art arranged in Paris (1950). He issued his “Proceedings of the Archaeological Museum of Macedonia” (11 numbers). In 1982 It regulates the permanent archaeological exhibition “Macedonia from the prehistory to the arrival of the Slavs”. With the last reorganization of SIST in the Museum of Macedonia (1984), the Archaeological Museum loses its autonomy and returns to the status of 1949. – As an archaeological department. Lit.: S.

Archaeological Society of Macedonia (Skopje, 1975) – A non-governmental vocational organization, founded by a dozen archaeologists of several museums in the SRM. It acted as part of the archaeological society of Yugoslavia (until 1991). His main goal was the affirmation of archeology in SRM, the establishment of international expert standards in the performance of archaeological research and the application of the Code of Professional Ethics. The first president was the archaeologist Bosko Babic. The annual conferences of the Company are presented papers from the results of archaeological research in the past year. His authority is the magazine “Macedoniae Aczhaeologica”. K. God. Archaeological-historical Museum in Resen (former Saraj)

Archaeological-historical collection – Resen (Resen, 1968) – Local archaeological and historical museum. Founder was Resen’s assembly, and as an initial exhibition material served local findings from the city. In the further existence, the collection was filled with items from systematic archaeological research in Prespa, especially on the island of Great City, various newly submitted historical and ethnological objects, as well as numismatic samples. The museum is located in the building of the former Saraj on an area of ​​over 250 m 2. In its composition, the memorial of the artwork of the artwork of Keraca Visulcheva is located, the memorial house of the National Hero Mite Bogoeski in the village. Painful and memorial house of the Revolutionary Naum Vesleyoski-shepherd in the village. Zlatari. It is now under the professional jurisdiction of the Museum of Macedonia. K. God. Archive of Macedonia –

Archelaus ⅰ (Sharz … Laoz A; Archelaus and) (413-399 BC) – Macedonian king from the Argeadi dynasty; Perdicica’s son ⅱ. Implements military and monetary reform, the capital of Aiga, transmits strategic reasons to Pela; It builds a number of fortifications and roads. As a participant in the Peloponnesian war, he establishes friendly relations with Athens and gets the honorary Athens title – prohibited. They considered it “Barbarin” in relation to the Helleni (Trasimah) and therefore can not become a member of the Pelunicipal Union. Establishes Macedonian Olympics (gymnastics, musical and dramatic competitions in honor of Dionysus and Muses) in the holy city of Dion; In Pela, there are prominent men from the Hellen world: Historian Tukidid, Tragic Agate, the epic poet Holar, the painter Zhevixis, who sparked the palace in Pella and founded a Macedonian painting school. Tragic Evripid The last years of life spends on the Macedonian courtyard, where the Archelaus drama (dedicated to the ruler) and tragedies “Bakhi” and “IFIGENIA in Avlida”. Before the end of his life, he wars with Linkestian ruler Arabia and Sira for supremacy in Macedonia. He killed on hunting. Lit.: TachuCidides, 4 Wells., Harvard Universitis Press, 1958; Diodorus SICSLUS, 12 Wells., Harvard Universitis Press, 1963; J. N. Borza, in the shadow of Olympus, the emergence of Macedon, Skopje, 2004. A. Shook.

The Architectural Academy of the Association of Architects of Macedonia – was established at 16. ⅳ 1997. In the Architectural Academy, the winners of the Red and Development of the Macedonian Architecture “Andreja Damjanov” are members of the Aam once a year. Since 2004 Architects who made special contribution to the development of Macedonian architecture can be selected for members of the Academy. Honorary members are elected in the Academy. The main objectives of the Architectural Academy are: the development, promotion and affirmation of Macedonian architecture; Study, fostering and promoting traditional Macedonian architecture across modern forms, organizing expert gatherings, exhibitions, as well as publishing activity and cooperation with related institutions in the country and abroad. Cr. T. The building of the architectural and construction faculty in Skopje

Architecture in Macedonia. In the history of culture-cult subject in the form of a model of house, ceramics, Tumba, Materodin, Bitola, Neolith of Macedonia Architecture is present with different intensity since the first prehistoric cultures, so today. From the prehistoria on the territory of Macedonia, we meet many sites from the time of the Neolithic, the eneolithic, from the bronze and iron time. From the architectural and urban point of view, it is important to emphasize the formation of the settlements – location, organization and protection. The settlements are set at heights of easy to defense surrounded by a defensive wall. In the settlement of the expiration of Drim from the Ohrid Lake, in today’s Struga, the houses were set to numerous wooden piles, which were protected from the attacks on the shore. Wooden houses, their basis (rectangular, square, trapezoidal), the internal division of several rooms in which fireplants and “barns”, pits, commercial buildings, construction, then, necropolises, graves and their constructions, as well as the use of stone as Building material was first noted in the eneolithic. Through the remains of antiquity, Elinism and Rome, we follow the appearance of cities, their urbanization, as well as separate buildings of social character – temples, theaters, thermal, palaces – in Skupi, Stibera, Stobi, Heraclea Linkestis, Lychnidos, etc. For protection against attacks, cities were surrounded by walls strengthened with towers. Early Christian – a paleovisant period, characterized by the spread of Christianity in Macedonia, contributed to the faster development of cities, especially those who become seats of the bishops. Thus, the paleovisant settlements in their urban concepts are directly related to the elitionalist traditions, and architecture has general eliministic and Roman characteristics. There are numerous sacred and profane objects of ⅳ to ⅵ c., Special basilics, most often, with bapturs in Stobi: Episcopal Basilica, central basilica, built on remaining paralica in the ancient site Heraclea Linkestis (V – ⅵ c.) The synagogue, North Basilica, as well as basilics in Heraclea and Bargala, the five-story basilica and polyconchal church in Lychnidos, etc., decorated with floor mosaics. We will list the palaces in Stobi: Theodosian, Partenius and Palace of Psalms, peristles, tricliniums and other premises. With the settlement and stabilization of the Slavs on the territory of Macedonia during the ⅵ and partly in ⅶ c. And with their interference with the domestic population, in the newly emerging social and cultural conditions, a new Macedonian-Slavic culture is gradually developing throughout the Middle Ages and which particularly comes to the construct of the sacral objects. More vivid construction activity in the Macedonian Slavs we registered after their Christianization from the middle of IX c., In Eastern Macedonia in the Bregalnica and Strumica, which is associated with the time of Cyrilla and Metodija onwards, and especially for the time of Clement and Naum, As later during the Samuil’s Macedonian state. In the period of the early Middle Ages in eastern Macedonia, several churches were built, indicating archaeological research and excavations that are ongoing. There are various cross-over crossing forms that are based on older traditions in this area. The one-aisled church in the village of Krupiste, Stip (IX-ⅹ), the Cruan church near Krupiste (IX-ⅹ), the church in the village of Morodvis, Kocani, in the form of an inscribed cross (restored in IX-ⅹ c.), Then the churches in Zigans and In Tarinci, both in the Fort of the Free Cross, dating from the end of the IX and the beginning of X c. Towards the end of IX c., In Ohrid, Clement erected the monastery church “St. Panteleimon “in the form of a triconhos, whose remains are unearthed by D. Coco, under the foundations of “Imarret” mosque. Archaeological research has been established that Clement has built its church on the remains of an elderly demoline triconhos (raised in ⅵ-ⅵ c.), Which was built on the remains of a burnt, even older, early Christian basilica. Something later, but during the clent, the church was built in the form of a cross with a cube where the Clement’s grave was placed. Narthex is built, and later chapels – chapels and trees and tower bell tower on the west side. With the expansion of the church, the old triconkos received a function of an altar. The church was restored on the old remains in 2002. Towards the end of IX or at the very beginning of X c. Naum picked up the church “St. Archangels “on the southern coast of Ohrid Lake. And this church, whose foundations are unearthed under the foundations of today’s church “St. Naum, “from D. Coco, had a trimonchal foundation, almost identical to the Clement Church. Today’s appearance of the monastery church erected on the foundations of Naum’s Church came later, it was built in several stages belonging to the Turkish period. During this time, several smaller churches were built in the vicinity of Ohrid in the form of a triconchos (of Gorica, in the village. Zleshi and the village. Apply, and we find in other areas in Macedonia: “Pubelitis” in Kostur, the Church “St. Nicholas “in Vinni in Mala Prespa, etc. Macedonian Slavs over the ⅹ-XI c. Create their local autonomy, and in the time of King Samuil they also won independence. The rule of Samuel marks the emancipation of the Macedonian Church with Archbishopric in Ohrid, as well as the reurbanization of the cities in his country. The material opportunities enabled the construction of representative buildings. Therefore, there are basiliky, including the Basilica “St. Achilius “(about 983) on the island of Aill in Mala Prespa (today in the territory of Greece), preserved in ruins, then the church in the village of Vlame near Struga, as well as the Basilica” St. Sofia, “Cathedral Church in Ohrid. It was built on the foundations of an old Christian basilica and is a blend of the late antique-year-declaration period, the Samuil’s time and the later medieval architecture of ⅻ to ⅹⅳ c. “St. The Cathedral Church “St. Sofia “In Ohrid Sofia” is a three-nave basilica with a tranship and a dome that does not exist today. There is a two-story narthex. This way conceived, the church “St. Sofia “is the only solution to the territory of Macedonia. For the time of its building there is no accurate data, it is considered to pick up Samuel, and during the Archbishop Leon (1037-1056) could be restored when it was frescoed. At the beginning of ⅹⅳ c. A two-story iconaretex is built, which is one of the most beautiful architectural achievements in medieval Macedonia. Today’s Form Church “St. Sofia “got it at the time of the Turks, when it was converted into a mosque. After the liberation, extensive conservatory works of architecture and frescoes were carried out. From the Crossed Churches built at this time, we will list the church “St. German, “in the same village of Mala Prespa (on the territory of R Greece) for the first time painted in 1006. Then, the church “St. The Virgin “in Drenovo, with Kavadarci, in the form of a compact inscribed cross surrounded by the three sides with ships. This includes the Western Crossing Church “St. Leontius “of the monastery Vodocha, in Strumica, with partially preserved walls and vaults, but without the dome that existed above the intersection of the cross. Archaeological trials have discovered the remains of the fundamental walls of the altar, the prophumidia and the deaconicone, which were demolished due to the connection with a slightly constructed church, so that together with the existing church forms a single space. Then the church “St. Gorgi “end the village of Gornie Kozjak, Shtip by ⅹ c. The buildings of this period continue to rely on the general settings of the Eastern and the Byzantine conception, in some details and in secondary solutions show new achievements, above all, in the freer relationship and unusual rough monumentality, which indicates the possibility that those objects could be The work of domestic masters, who were not so closely attached to the strictness of the Byzantine concepts. All these buildings are built of stone and brick in a very free combination. After the dissolution of Samuil’s state, changes, not only political, but also in art concepts. The Idevna Byzantine Administration in Macedonia directs the architecture and fine art of cleaner Byzantine forms. Cottages, now often representatives of the Byzantine courtyard, strive in the new environment to build churches related to the churches of the Byzantine capital. From this time, some number of objects varied in the base is preserved. Apart from wedding three-nave basilics, such as “St. Nicholas “in Mariovo (1095), also meet churches with cross-over solutions, for example, the original church in Staro Nagorichane, which is thought to pick up the Byzantine Emperor Roman ⅳ Diogen (XI c.), Then the church” St. Panteleimon “in the village of Nerezi end Skopje (1164) built by Alexei Comnen, which after its architectural conception as a five-piece facility bind to the Byzantine Church. She in Customs-City is one of the most significant object-architecture and CTI of this period. In the form of inscribed cross with one dome before the end of ⅹⅰⅰⅰ c. The church “Virgin Peribleptos” was built, now “St. Clement, “in Oh-Reed, the thrill of persecution of Zgur and the church” St. John The Theologian – Kaneo “. During this period, churches with smaller scale and other forms were built, such as: The Tetrasshal Church “The Virgin Eleusa” near Strumica (1085), the tronkonhal church “St. Nicholas “in the village. Vinni of Mala Prespa, as well as several one-aisled churches among which the most significant are: the church of the monastery “St. George “in the village. Kurbinovo (1191), Church “St. Nicholas “in the village. Varos – Prilep (1299) and the Church of the monastery Treskavec near Prilep. At the time when Macedonia is connected to the medieval Serbian state (ⅹⅳ), several monastery churches are being built, both by Serbian rulers and Serbian and Macedonian feudal. These churches are most often built as crossover with a central cube elevated on a high Tambur, and the church “St. Archangel, “s. Kuceviste, Skopje meet, less often, and churches solved in other forms. Most often, they are raised on the properties of feudals, are mainly with smaller dimensions, but with rich external processing. Here it is important to point out that despite the newly emerging political changes, the building continues to follow the local traditions. Several monastery churches in the vicinity of Skopje: “St. Nikita “(1307), Markov Monastery (1377), then the church” St. Archangel Mi-Hail and Desert Gavril “in Lesnovo (1341),” St. Nicholas “in Psaca (1358),” St. Virgin Zaumaska ​​”On the eastern coast of Ohrid Lake (1361), etc. Greater in dimensions is the five-vetered church “St. George “in the church” St. Panteleimon “in the village. Nerezi, Skopje (ⅻ c.) Staro Nagorichane (built in 1313). Several churches with a trimonchal form were built: “St. Andreja “(1389) and” St. Archangels “In the vicinity of Skopje, as well as several churches with a completely simple one-aisled shape, vaulted with semi-cylindrical arches -” King Constantine and Empress Elena “,” St. Nicholas Hospital, “” St. Virgin Hospital “in Ohrid,” St. Dimitrija “in Veles, etc. At the end of this period when he developed Hishacism, religious movement towards reinforcement of the monastic life in the caves, the cave churches were made in the rocks of the coast of Prespa and Ohrid Lake and other parts (“St. Erasmus”, “St. The Virgin Peshenka” near Ohrid, “St. Atanasius” and “St. The Virgin” in Kalishta in Struga, “St. Archangel” in the village. Radozda, etc.). In the facilities of this period, a greater stylistic connection is felt, although each object carries its own specifics. Great attention is paid to the external processing of facilities, their spatial plastic, the breakdown of pilasters, blind arcades, niches, decorative masonry and the application of keramoplasty, which is a logical development in the processing, used in buildings from ⅹⅰⅰⅰ c . After the fall of Macedonia under the Ottoman rule, the architectural activity was reduced, mainly on the construction of small one-aisled churches, In addition to the sacral architecture, during the Middle Ages in Macedonia, the profane and military architecture, Samuil’s fortresses in Ohrid, Markovi Towers in Prilep, Kale in Skopje, followed by the urban development of cities during the reurbanization of the settlements in the Slavic period, Especially since the end of IX c. And later. Ottoman rule with Macedonia, new ideological and social conditions imposed the need for construction of objects with purposes that need to meet the social, religious and other needs of the conqueror. Architecture gets new content and marks characteristic of the Islamic world. The sacral Islamic objects are most built mosques. They most often have a square basis with a porch, and covered with domes or a wooden Mustafa-Pasha mosque in Skopje roof construction. They raised Turkish steering – Padi and bitch. The most significant mosques are: Sultan Muratov (1436), later restored, Isaac-Bebak, called the Painted Mosque (1438), Gazi Isabeign, 1475, Mustafa-Pasha (1492), Yahya-Pashina (1506), all in Skopje, then Bitola – Isakia (1508), yen-mosque (1558) and Haidar Kadjina Mosque (1561), Painted Mosque in Tetovo and others, then taverns and turbines. From the profane objects we will mention: Kursumli An, Suli An and Kapan an in Skopje, Bezisten in Stip and Bitola, Daut Pasha Amam and Chifthe Amam in Skopje. Special landmark of the cities gave Clock Towers (Skopje, Bitola, Prilep, etc.). An important component of the construction in the Turkish period is the residential architecture. Special attention was charged in the construction of the dormitories for pasets and the guests, of which Avisi Pasha in Skopje (1830-1845) was particularly highlighted. Special interest in the development of architectural creation in Macedonia is the period of revival, when the social forces, thanks to the wiping rights within the Ottoman Empire, significantly influenced the cultural, educational, religious and economic activity, which is adequately expressed in the architectural activity . Thus, the construction of churches in cities and villages throughout Macedonia, with the renovation of the basilica form, based on tradition and elements of modern architectural movements from the West, is an objective expression of newly emerging social conditions and needs, creating a new aesthetics. The large dimensions of the churches with an impressive interior space, such as: The Church “St. Dimitrija “in Bitola (1830),” St. Panteleimon “in Veles (1840),” St. Nicholas “In Kumanovo (1851) and many others, the most pronounced emphasizes the power of social and economic forces in the mentioned period, as well as the art of masters of builders, among which the protomist Andreja Damjanov (1813-1878). Daut Pasha Amam in Skopje The monastery “St. Jovan Bigorski “But, apart from the intensified construction and rebuilding of churches and monasteries (” St. Jovan Bigorski “,” St. Joachim Osogovski “,” St. The Virgin Handy “, etc.), ⅹⅰⅹ c. It is also characterized by intensive construction of houses for living. Enriched merchants and craftsmen build houses that gave a relatively high housing standard. These are mostly asymmetric buildings on multiple levels that resolve spatial problems, both in terms of function, as well as in terms of creating intimacy and comfort, in the practical use of space with built-in household, in the immediate communication of the inner and the outer space. In doing so, if the application of the logical construction and shaping of the external appearance of the facilities is noted, reflecting the internal village of Galichnik function and construction, we can conclude that in the realization of housing architecture, Macedonian cities have been enriched with high quality architecture, which represents And the main hallmark in the overall expression of urban ensembles of the Macedonian cities (Ohrid, Krusevo, Kratovo, Veles, Tetovo, etc.). The houses of the Muslim population, most often, are symmetrically solved with the ground floor and floor, with the separated parts of the family of the family – Knamluk and admission – Samluk. And architecture in Macedonian villages brings its own characteristic features. It is organically linked to the terrain and the landscape, especially in mountain villages such as Galichnik, Janche, Bituse. The house Chardaklija, with open porches and verandas, is inherent in the plain villages. Architecture and urbanism of XX c. carry new messages. In Macedonia, we can consider it in two units. The architecture between the two world wars (1918-1941) is manifested through overdue penetrators of the Eclectics from the West – the National Theater in Skopje, architects J. Bukovac and D. M. Leko (1927), the Officer House in Skopje, Arch. C. Баумтартнер (1929), како и повеќе станбени згради во Скопје, во Битола, во Охрид. Во овој период спаѓаат и првите никулци на модерната со делата на арх. D. Иблер, Окружен уред за социјално осигурување на работниците во Скопје – денес Градска болница (1933–1934) и на арх. M. Злоковиќ, Привредна комора – денес кафеана Метропол (1933–1935). Изработен е урбанистички план на град Скопје од Ј. Михајловиќ (1929) и изградени се значајни комунални објекти во градот. По Ослободувањето, во новосоздадените услови и можности се разви мошне интензивна архитектонска активност. Урбанистичките решенија конципирани врз хуманите принципи на организирањето на просторот во сите градови во Македонија беа предуслов за нивниот брз развој. По осамостојувањето на РМ, со новите урбанистички текови, градовите добиваат згусната структура со предимензионирани станбени блокови и кули со што се дехуманизира просторот. Во педесеттите години се формира генерација македонски архитекти кои постигнаа значајни резултати: С. Брезовски (Работнички дом во Скопје, 1958, Стоковна куќа во Скопје, 1959); D. Димитров (зграда на „Вардар експорт-импорт“ во СкопКуќата на Робевци во Охрид Студентскиот дом „Гоце Делчев” во Скопје је, 1978); A. Серафимовски (станбени кули на кејот на Вардар во Скопје, 1959); D. Томовски (повеќе станбени згради во Скопје). Тука припаѓаат и архитектите: Д. Пецовски, Љ. Маленкова, Р. Галиќ, К. Томовски, Д. Петков, А. Жупан, В. ќосевски, Р. шекерински, Љ. Tomic. Во педесеттите и шеесеттите години работат и повеќе архитекти од другите центри од поранешна Југославија и од странство, што дојде до израз посебно по катастрофалниот земјотрес во Скопје (1963), кои дадоа придонес во развојот на македонската архитектура – А. Урлих, Е. Михевц, Ѓ. Анцел, Ј. Ранковиќ, К. Танге, Е. Равникар, А. Рот и др. Кон крајот на шеесеттите и во седумдесеттите години од значење е дејноста на повеќе млади архитекти во чие творештво се присутни современите тенденции меѓу кои би ги издвоиле: Ѓ. Константиновски (Историски архив, 1968, Студентски дом „Гоце Делчев“, 1971, во Скопје); P. Муличковски (зграда на ЦК СКМ, 1970, Универзитетска библиотека, 1971, во Скопје); B. Колев (зграда на НИП „Нова Македонија“, 1982, во Скопје); Z. Поповски (Град-ски трговски центар, 1973, во Скопје, со група коавтори); Z. Гелевски (хотел „Континентал“, 1972, во Скопје); T. Димитров (Затворен пливачки базен, 1979, во Скопје); B. Чипан (зградата на МАНУ, 1976); K. Muratovski and M. Томиќ (комплекс на музеите, 1977, во Скопје). И во осумдесеттите години продолжува изградбата на нови населби со станбени блокови и кули со современ архитектонски израз, како на пример, станбените блокови во Капиштец, во Скопје, од М. Томиќ (1985), станбено-трговскиот комплекс „Скопјанка“ во Скопје, Б. Мицевски (1987) и др. Во деведесеттите години се изградени повеќе индивидуални семејни куќи и станбени згради. Позначаен објект е хотелот „Александар Па-лас“ (1998) во Скопје од Ј. Константинов. Изградени се и повеќе објекти со обиди традиционалното да се вклопи во новосоздадените архитектонски содржини, стремејќи се, притоа, да се создаде современ архитектонски израз. Го следиме кај охридските архитекти К. Заров (хотел „Горица“, 1971), С. and M. Хаџиеви (градска кафеана „Летница“, 1973), П. Митков (хотел „Десарет“, 1974), Т. Паскали (хотел „Бисер“, 1976), В. and A. Зарчеви (хотел „Метропол“, 1974), П. Балабанов (ОУ „Климент Охридски“, 1980) и др. Cr. T.

ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY. By a decision of the Government of the People’s Republic of Macedonia, the Faculty of Technical Faculty with two departments of architectural and construction within the University of Skopje (1949) was established, in order to advance the teaching process according to social needs in the sphere of construction and formation of staff in the area of ​​urbanism and architecture. With the overreaction of the Technical Faculty in three new faculties (1965), the architectural department is part of the Architectural Faculty of Architecture with 1975 when it turned into a special, architectural faculty. Its teaching, scientific research and application activity develops through departments, and after their abolition, institutes are formed. During the 1980s, restructuring was carried out in the teaching process by introducing a closer direction from the site in the areas of design, urbanism, high-rise, protection and conservation and interior and design, which over the years have suffered certain changes. Cr. T.

Areal linguistics -. Linguistic discipline that studies the impact of factor space in life and evolution of language. Areal linguistics is investigating changes in the structure of the language jims as a result of its spatial contacts with other languages, both on dialect and the default level. In the interest of the areal linguistics, the phenomena include: linguistic interference, the interference of linguistic codes, bilingualism, multilingualism, respilence, etc. Most typical methodological approaches: contrastive / confrontative analysis and (at dialect level) linguistic geography. Research in the field of Areal Linguistics are of great importance for the general language theory, the theory of its evolution and the diachronic and synchronous typology of language systems. The Balkans as a multilingual territory is an attractive facility for research in the field of areal linguistics. In MANU (2000), a research center for Areal Linguistics (ICAL) is established. The main long-term projects realized in ICAL are: “International linguistic Atlases” and “functional and geographical feature of morph-syntactic Balkanisms”. Z. T.

Arev, Elijah (Shtip, 3. XI 1914 – Stip, 12. ⅰ 1977) – Actor and director of the National Theater from Stip. It was several times the trustee of the theater and one of his founders. Roles: Jerotie The National Theater in Stip (“suspicious person”), Aji Trajko (“Runaway”), Chibkin (“Three Sisters”), Doyonitski (“Uncle Vanja”), etc. Directions: “Father”, “Macedonian bloody wedding”, “Trap for the helpless man”, etc. R. ST.

Argetows (Chargesai) – The first Macedonian Royal Dynasty (ok. , Perdiccas ⅱ, Archelaus and Oremes, Aerop ⅱ, aminta ⅱ, Pavzania, Aminta ⅲ, Aleksandar ⅱ, Ptolemaj Alorski, Perdica ⅲ, Philip ⅱ, Alexander ⅲ, Philip ⅲ and Alexander ⅳ. The name Argeadadi is associated with gr. Argos in Orestida, conquered by Perdiccas. The etymology of the name also connects the mythical ancestor Argeas, the son of the eponymous hero Macedon. The state of the Argetads begins to spread from the territory between the R. Lideis (Milkon) and R. Haliakmon (Bistrica), where the two royal capitals of Aiga and Pella are housed. Toward the end of ⅷ c. BC The process of unification of the Macedonian ethnicities under the guidance of Argadai Makednes; During Philip ⅱ and Alexander ⅲ Macedonian with conquests create a world empire. Lit.: Heroopus, 4 Wells., Harvard Universitis Press, 1960; Stephan outside BSZANZ, ETHNICA, Graz, 1958; N. Proceed, history of Argian, Skopje, 2004. A. Shook.

Arginades, Panagiotis (Paul Argshidè) (Macedonia, 1849-Paris, 1901) – a lawyer, publicist. In Paris he was a lawyer at the Court of Appeal. It was advocated to create a Balkan Federation (from 1869). He also acted through the “International League for Peace”, which discussed the congresses in Lausanne (1869) and Geneva (1876 and 1886). He issued the SP. “La Ljustyion Sociael” (1885), in which he published article “Macedonia”, in which he explains the project for state of Macedonia in the Balkan Confederation set by countries under the government of the Ottoman state. Under his presidency (1894), the League for Balkan Confederation was established in order to work on the realization of the project. Lit.: Hristo Andonov-Polyan, P. Arginades for the Balkan Confederation and resolving the Macedonian question-the Macedonian question, Skopje, 1990; Mihailo Minoski, the idea of ​​confederation in Macedonian political thought, an annual comment of the Faculty of Philosophy, Skopje, 1990-1991. M. Min.

Arginov-Krchwalia, Elijah (village Krchevo, Demir Hisar, 1856 – p. Krchevo, July 1918) – Dice of the Macedonian National Liberation Movement and Duke of TMORO. He participated in the Krevenian-Distributed Uprising (1878-1879) in the company of Stojan Duke, and then he was Aidin in various committee hangings in Macedonia. He joined TMORO (Summer 1899) and became the duke of the first company of the Organization in the Russian Revolutionary District, and then became a duke in Demirhisar (1902-1903). He took part in the Ilinden Uprising and Bill Punk Chief in Rila (1902-1908). In the time of the Young Turk Revolution (1908), it was legalized, but was soon arrested, sentenced (1909) and two years in the Thessalonies Prison (1909-1911), after which gradually passivated from the revolutionary and political activity. S. Ml. Dear Argirovski

Arginov, Dimitar (bribes) (village Krchevo, Demir Hisar, Sisco, 1882 – p. Peter, Demir Hisar, Sisco, 25. Xi 1936) – Serar Duke. Son of the famous Ilija Krchwalia. He finished elementary education. By 1905 He acted in the command of the Duke Jane Sandanski. He was then elected as an independent duke of the company that acted mainly in SERK. Exhibit. ILIT.: CDA, F. 396, OP. 2, A.e. 16, l. 165; NBKM-BIA, COL. 42, A.e. 68, l. 68; c. “Objector”, no. 45. Sophie®, 1935-1936.al. TR. Arginov Trip – Macedonian Cyrillic manuscript from ⅹⅰⅰⅰ c. He received the name by st. Arginov, a former owner of a 56 list of the Code with a total of 59 parchment sheets. It is kept in the National Library “St. Cyril and Methodius “in Sofia under no. 933. One sheet is located in Darm, Skopje, Inv. no. 74/76, SIGN. Am-MF-1. Language peculiarities point to the Prespa region. Some spelling peculiarities, as well as two words written with a beautiful verb letter of l. 2c, indicate a verb suggestion. On l. 31V with red ink are written noted characters (ignomy). C. D.

Argirovski, dear (Kumanovo, 17. ⅲ 1939) – a journalist, publicist. He was from her steps in Macedonian television (1960). He signed on the first television contribution in Macedonian language, broadcast on the joint program from the Belgrade Studio. Worked as a correspondent from Kumanovo, editor of the news office of “News” and as assistant director of MRT for programming issues. He was director and editor of “Economic Journal” and “Macedonian Waters”. He is the author of several publicist papers. J. F. Argovire-Chaus, Hristo

Argos (Argos) – Ancient Macedonian city in Paionia near the village. Vocian (Vidin city) south of Veles, mentioned in the sources of Hiero. 641, 3) who placed him in the Roman province of Macendonia Siceunda, between the cities of Stobi and Astraion. According to one inscription from Glete beside the city in 119 years. BC The struggle between the Romans and the Celts took place. The discovered inscription in Vocalty, where the remains of a spacious settlement were registered, with traces of Fortification from the Pre-Roman and Roman Epoch, confirms the location of this city. Litt.: B. Josifovska Dragohevo, Attachment Localizovina Grade Argos U Pioni, “Gun”, 15, Skopje, 1965, 117-136; F. Papazlow, Les Willes de Macédone à l’-Ljujage Romainine, Paris, 1999, 311-312. C. B.-R.

Arian, Flavius ​​(Flavius ​​Arianus) (Nikomedia, OK. 95 BC – 175 BCE) – author of philosophical and historical works and travel. In the main work “Alexandr’s Anabas” (written from 166 to 168 BC) is recorded (on the basis of historical sources) the history of the campaign of Alexander the Great. As a continuation of this work, he writes “Indian history” (according to the records of Alexandr’s military leader Narrech). A. There are many historical works that are not preserved or only fragments remained: “Events after Alexander”, “History of Bithinia”, “Parts History”, “Aluna History”. Lit.: Arrian, a chistoras of Alegander, Loeb Chlospice, Harvard University Press, 1959; Arian, Alexandr’s Anabasa. Prev. M. Buzalkova, Skopje, 2000. A. Shook.

Arief, Josef (? – Skopje, 1936) – Jew, banker in Skopje. He was the owner of the bank “Vardar”, president of the Jewish community in Skopje (1936). Although he had no understanding of Zionism, he was known as a great donor to help many organizations and institutions, whether it was Jewish or not. He especially advocated for the help of the poor. Lit.: Zena Leel, Tide and Slim of Historje Yemea Vardarzke Macedonia, Gornian Milanovac, 1990. J. NAM. Armenian, Slave Gligorov

Arianism – Learning the priest Arius (OK. 260-336) of Alexandria, the Christian sect that he accepted and spread his teaching. Arianism denied the equality and equality of God-Father and God-Son, that is, he denied the divine nature of Jesus Christ, that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was similar to his father, but not the same and equal (flat) with him, Because he was created by him, that is, he originated from him. At the First Ecumenical Council in Nicaea (325), the arievation was condemned as heresy, but continued to spread, and the Second Council in Constantinople (381) was separated from the Christian church. Lit.: H.M.Ganyat, studies of Ariais, Camwrudge, 1900; RP.C. Hanson, Searzh Fort Tezh Czhhhristian Danctrate OF YE: Tez Arian Controversis 313-381, Edinburgh, 1988. K. Ag.