Archives: Glossary

God Considered a heavy holiday. Some even consider him a great holiday as Easter, which is why: “Belovet first Easter”. The Holy Gospel according to Luca tells that Archangel Gabriel was sent by God to announce the girl Maria from Nazareth that she was determined by God to give birth to the Savior: “Rejoice in Blessed! The Lord is with you! You blessed you among women “- $ said. And when Holy Virgin Mary thought: “What will be this greeting?” The angel $ said: “No battle is Mary, for you have found mercy before God; And behold, you will be less than the necessary, “Annunciation”, royal doors, Nerezi, Skopje (ⅹⅴⅰ c.) Bring in the womb and give birth to a son and baptize him with the name Jesus. The UN will be great and will be called the son of the Most High and gave the Lord God the throne of his father David and will reign over to-Mot Jacob, always the Kingdom will not have the end. ” (Luke 1/27-33). The church established this holiday in honor of that mild news. It is celebrated exactly nine months before the Christmas Christ (Christmas). But there is no more precise data than when this holiday is celebrated. He is certainly known that he was celebrated in ⅶ c., But some testimonies indicate that he was celebrated for centuries before. As a mild day, it was believed that the wound did not hurt, so the young women doubled their ears. As a spring holiday, this day is connected and the release of the snakes and the arrival of the birds of the warm areas (the stork, league, puponian, celebration, etc.). It is believed that they will even rain on this day. Although it is falling into the heavy Easter fasting, the blover is eating fish. Even this is also considered necessary, for health. Therefore, the poor tried to buy fish, just “to be around fish.” Then they went out on mountain arams, believing that exactly that mild day will earn a lot of bluice, a lot of money and will not suffer some damage or misfortune. Lit.: Serbian folk customs U И леви-Eliskoy Kazi, Premubio and Opisshao Stefan Tansћ, Teacher, Belgrade, 1927; Lazar Mirkyћ, Heorthology, Belgrade, 1961; Marco K. Cepenkov, book ninth, folk beliefs, children’s games. Redecting Dr. Kiril Penakliski and Leposa Spirovska, Skopje, 1972; Naum Celakovski, Debarca, rituals and ritual games, Skopje, 1984; Holy letter of the Old and New Testament, Skopje, 1990. M. Keith.

Kosta, Costa (Debar, 1. ⅵ 1927) – Film worker, poet, editor and propagandist and responsible for ranking films. Since 1957 Works in “Vardar Film” as responsible for the participation of Macedonian films of festivals, their marketing and ranking in the country and the world. The working life pays it to the promotion and presentation of Macedonian cinematography. From 1983 to 1987 Works in “Macedonia Film” S “to retirement. C. MASLE.

Kratch, Vladimir (Skopje, 1947) – An entomologist, museum adviser at the Natural History Museum of Macedonia in Skopje. He graduated from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics (Group Biology) in Skopje (1966-1976), followed by a professor at the secondary technical school “Zdravko Cvetkovski” (1976-1987), and then curator in the Department of Entomology of the Natural History Museum of Macedonia ( 1978 to the present). Two semester postgraduate studies attended the Zagreb University, and a master’s degree at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje on AE) in the Skopje valley “(2000). He received his doctorate on the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Novi Sad on the topic “Fauna of the Persuits (Dipperita, Czrhida) in Macedonia” (2006). He was chairman of the Entomological Society for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity and the Sustainable Development of Natural Ecosystems in Skopje and a member of the Macedonian National Committee of ICOM. How curator participated in the realization of the exhibitions “Flora and fauna of the postal marks of Yugoslavia”, “in the world of exotic butterflory,” the flora and fauna of Dojran Lake “and” Flora and fauna from the collections of the Natural History Museum of Macedonia “. It is particularly important for his thematic exhibition “in the world of Jaconi butterugs” (June 2000). He published more scientific and expert papers on taxonomy of insects, especially floating cells flies (Dice, Czrhida), the fauna of the daily butterflies (Lepidopter, S. Ml.

“Swim” (June 1972 – September 1987) – Magazine for Culture and Art in Kumanovo. The publisher is the cultural and educational community of the city. Main and responsible editors were: Methods Petrovski, Blagoja Ignjatovski, Ratko Damjanovski. The magazine paid special attention to the uniform authors and the overall cultural life in Kumanovo, and the interior literary cooperation in the SFR Yugoslavia was nurtured. C. Tot. Nonvil insects: Tollembola

A cover – a rectangular towel on the head, woven from white pa-muck. They carried exclusively bachelors and girls. It was carried with the burst of the two parts along and binded from behind the head, behind the pit (above the forehead and ears), where the lowered parts fell over the eyebrows and ears, holding a shadow over the eyes. He had a function to protect from the sun. J. R.-P.

A delegate system in the SRM -. The form of exercising the right to self-management of workers and citizens and the form of linking decision-making and managing social affairs, from the bottom to the top of the constitutional system. It is introduced as an electoral system with the Constitution of the SRM since 1974. Four delegated elections were conducted in SRM (1974, 1978, 1982 and 1986). Elections for delegates were carried out on three levels. The first level is the immediate elections of the members of the delegations of workers and citizens organized in the working and local communities. During 1986 5,063 delegations were formed, with 54,039 members. The second level covers the selection of delegates for municipal assemblies. During 1986 3,783 delegates were elected for three courts of municipal assemblies. The third level refers to the selection of delegates for the Assembly of the SRM by municipal assemblies. During 1986 247 delegates were elected for five overthrow of the Assembly of the SRM: the Socio-Political Council; The Council of the municipalities; The Associated Labor Council; The Cultural-Educational Council and the Social and Health Council. St. w. Peter (Sushe) Deliissivanov

Forest nursery – a specially arranged surface for the production of seedlings for afforestation or for distributing settlements. Seedlings are produced earmarked, with selected technological procedures and methods of breeding, productively and economical, and with the sole purpose – the production of high quality seedlings. In the Republic of Macedonia with forest nurseries, almost every forest economy. The number of seedlings produced was in close correlation with the dynamics of afforestation. By 1979 3-3.5 million seedlings were produced, and after the formation of the Republican Fund for afforestation of the guillins and the introduction of container production lines, that number ten times increased. By 1980 With nursery production, a 21 forestry organization dealt with. Production took place in 38 nurseries, with a total area of ​​65.2 ha. After the introduction of the container system of seedlings, a number of small nurseries stopped working. After 1990 The production of the seedlings drastically decreased, the container lines stopped, and the classic production is reduced to a minimum. Al. And.

A forest prostair – organic matter generated in forest ecosystems with the annual windpy and is a dead organic matter of former functional organs of forest vegetation. With the annual wallpaper, large amounts of mineral substances in the soil are returned and reused in circulation processes. The penetration accumulates on the surface of the soil and form a continuous layer of a forest prostric compiled of extinct leaves, branches, fruits, flowers, grasslands at different degradation phase. In various forest ecosystems, the forest scum has different thickness and quantity, which is determined by the speed of decomposition in the designated ecosystem. It is a reservoir of mineral substances that are released with the processes of decomposition of organic matter and re-exploit from the autotrophic organisms. In the oak ecosystems of the Platoon and CE in the National Park Galicica, the average amount of forest prostair is reluctant from 8.44-10.89 T / ha, depending on the inclination on the ground. In the Government Board ecosystem in the National Park Mavrovo the average amount of the forest prostaire was hesitant from 18-20,58 t / ha. The biogenic significance of the forest scale in forest ecosystems is extremely high and has an important role in the functioning of the ecosystem. The rule is with the increase in the altitude, the quantities of the forest scale to grow. Bukovo-The Galichica’s forests contain 21 T / Ha, and Pelister’s prayers of Pelister even up to 31 t / ha. L. Gr.

Giga (GLUGAI) – Macedonian female deity, which, according to the attributes, is the Macedonian Athena (Athena Alkemnos), at which $ sacrifices, King Perseus (171 BC) in Krernhos. The epithet “Gids” means hyar, and among Macedonians (and frigates) very often encountered as a name of women (Alexander’s sister is called GLGA). In Pella he found a statue of the goddess protector of herds, represented by a helmet decorated with horns. Lit.: Heroopus, Ib, 4 Wells. Harvard Universitis Press, 1960. A. Shook.

Gugs (Turter Rosorius) – beloved and respected bird in the yard. According to folk beliefs, there was once a man, but unfortunately for the dead brother, a belly was done, with a black veil of the neck, so her killing is considered a great sin. In folk poetry, it is a Valentine’s rapportary that they were divorced, gauge along the flat yards or by the loggians and is the interlocutor of the people. Poev: Pancho Mihailov, Bulgarian People’s Songs of Macedonia, Sophie®, 1924, 7; Mariavci U Pesmi, Reass and Selli, from the DR-A Vojislava S. Radovanea, Skopje, 1932, 58; “Striving”, IX, 2, Prilep, 1954, 38; Macedonian music folklore. Songs I., Musical editor Zivko Firfov and Metodija Simonovski, Skopje, 1959, 258; Miladinovci, Proceedings 1861-1961, Skopje, 1962, 378 and 404; Macedonian folk songs. Text and melodies recorded Costa Curzushanov, Sophie®, 1966, 100; Marko Cepenkov, Macedonian folk repentance. Folk songs, kn.. First, Redect Dr. Kiril Penakliski, Skopje, 1972, 193. S. Ml.

Hawthorn. (Condaugus L., Fam. Rosacade) – The genus covers about 1,500 types of the moderate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Bulk shrub, rarely small trees, with flowers collected in dense, shielded sords. The fruit (glue) is one or more bosk. Decorative species, and the leaves and flowers of some of them are a very esteemed pharmaceutical raw material. The glogs studied S. Jackov, according to which are naturally represented: C. monogue JACK. (hawthorn, black hawthorn), with red glue with one bosk; C. Orientalis Palle. (White hawthorn, dog hawthorn), with dense and fierced leaves and red glogenes with 3-5 boson; C. Haldectic Catss. (White Thorn, Slane), Balkan endemite, whose red glams are 3-5 boscles. Newly discovered in the Republic of Macedonia are: C. Incana Dz.; C. Sericeea Dz.; C. CZALSCINA PETTM. Al. And.

High hill -. Archaeological site, in the dimeter of the abandoned village. Bucru, on the right bank of Crna Reka. It represents Tumba high 3 m, with a diameter at the base of 70 m. In 1980 The Museum in Bitola carried out a test excavation, in the cultural layer of 1,50 m were found remains of a two-layer settlement with several internal development phases, with different time and cultural affiliation. The older layer belonged to the Eenoolithic times, the Shotevo – Copper Geno Cultural Group, while the younger of the early phase of the Bronze Age in Pelagonia. Lit.: Dragica Simoska, a high hill, prehistoric multilayer settlement, “ZTB”, 4, Bitola, 1983/84, 5-20. C. S.

Norak (Norakos) – Old Paionian city. Mentioned with Stefan Byzantine together with Paionian cities Amidon, Dober and Bimas. Other data will not, nor is its location. Litt.: E. Petrova, Paionia, Skopje, 1999. K. M.R. Normans – North German (Scandinavian) tribes. Downloaded a plundering and colonizer-Norman cavalry before attack (1066) ski campaigns, formed their own countries in England (ⅺ-ⅹⅰⅰ c.), South Italy and Sicily (1130). In Macedonia they entered ⅺ (1081-1084 and 1096/1097) and in ⅹⅰⅰ c. (1107/1108; and in 1185 – they won Thessaloniki). Lit.: CH. Gratet, and D. Nitzolle, Te Te Nagans: Narnor Knitshtes and Teir Consignments, Odford, 2006; T. Ronple, Te Te Nagans, Glossistereshyer, 2004. B. Petr. Aleksandar Nashpal Noskpal, Aleksandar Todev

MKD – Silver coin (denarus) that was released in circulation in the Roman monetary system in 1896, and a more massive manifest-211. BC Denars became the building of the Bulgarian police exchange in Prilep main and most popular coins, which were part of the Roman monetary system until the beginning of ⅲ c. The original value of the denar was 10 Asa. Between 140 and 130 BC Its value was changed in 16 Asa. These Roman money, according to which the name of today’s Macedonian currency is also performed, circulated in the territory of today’s RM. Starting from ⅱ c. BC, to the beginning of ⅲ c., they represented a major payment agent. Lit.: M. H. CRANDFOR, Roman Republic of the Republic of Coinage, and-ⅱ, London, 1999; P. Kos, Lexicon Ancichke Numismate, Zagreb, 1998, 84-85. P. J.

A seamless. (Asparagus Ophficinalis L.) – a perennial plant. It is grown due to youth and juicy banks (candles), which are very rich in mineral substances, vitamins C, B, B, B, 126 Provitamin A, essential sparf ilas and organ-ski acids. In the first year, it develops slowly, forms only 3-4 subordinates, and from the fourth to the tenth intensively forms publications, then the development stagnated and declining. It is grown with seedling, less frequently with direct sowing, on easily crushed and hot soils. D. J. Milica Spare – Fishing

“Wreath” – Bulgarian Women’s Youth Organization of “Bradney” (1941-1944) with activity in schools in Macedonia. She participated in all organized celebrations and other manifestations with Bulgarian national content. She was problimistically oriented, and the Macedonian people had a negative relationship, representing him as part of the Bulgarian. It collapsed in September 1944. Lit.: Gjorgji Malkovski, Bulgarian fascist organization Brandnik in Macedonia 1941-1944, Skopje, 1992. F. Malc.

Abadziev, Gjorgji (Dojran, 7. ⅹ 1910 – Skopje, 2. ⅷ 1963) – short story writer, novelist, historiograph, publicist and screenwriter. From the fifth year of life immigrant in Sofia. Secondary education ends in Upper Jumaya (Blagoevgrad). He studied at the Faculty of Law in Sofia, where he takes an active part in the organizations of progressive Macedonian emigration in Bulgaria. He is a member of the Macedonian literary circle (1938-1942) and the Macedonian literary circle “Nikola Vaptsharov” (1946-1947). His first artistic hypices, reports and short stories were moved in the books “Last Meeting” and “Labor and People” (Sofia, 1936). In 1948 he returns to Macedonia, where in Skopje it is one of the founders, VD. Deputy Director and one of the most active associates of the National History Institute. Literary work in the homeland begins with the short story “The two comrades”, published in the Proceeding “Ilinden” (Skopje, 1948). In 1972 His “selected works” in four volumes were published. In all of his works, the themes and phenomenons of history have a prominent place and is rightly considered a historical belt. PART: SHARE (short stories, 1950), epany of the blade (short stories, 1951), last meeting (short stories, 1953), Aramiski nest (Roman, 1954), desert (Roman, 1961), short stories (1962), Balkan Wars and Macedonia (Monograph, 1972). Read: Venko Andonovski, the structure of the Macedonian realistic novel (1997); Hristo Georgievski, the Macedonian novel 1952-2000 (2002). C. M.-

Abadzieva – Dimitrova, Sonja (Sofia, 20. 1941) – art historian, significant for the research and affirmation of Macedonian fine art and internationally. She graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje (1965). She was curator and director of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Skopje. He is the author of 15 monographs, more than 300 exhibitions (Anthology of the Macedonian Fine Arts 1984- 1994, Biennale in Venice, Radiations) and books (deep breathing, 2002; Idea-Teka, 2003; Continuity, 2004). It is the founder and editor of the SP. “Great glass”. It publishes criticisms and theoretical articles that are characterized by essential benchmarks for contemporary art art, with an emphasis on the significance and axiological functions of artistic phenomena. M. B.-P. K.

Abazi, Nexat (Abazi Nejkhat) (village Chartaries, Kichevo, 1948) – Pedagogue and UNIV. Professor. Primary and secondary school ended in Kicevo, Teacher School in Skopje and Faculty of Philosophy (Pedagogy Group) in Pristina. Master ‘s Degree on the topic “The development of Albanian schools in Macedonia (1945-1958)” At the Pristina University, and received a PhD Unoctorate at the University of Tirana on the topic “The development of education, schools and pedagogical opinion of the Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia (1830-1912)”. He worked as a teacher, a teacher in a gymnasium and as an adviser to the Pedagogical Institute in Skopje. He is now a teacher of Pedagogy at the Tetovo State University. In addition to the teaching-pedagogical activity, more than 100 scientific papers reported in the field of pedagogy. A. P.

Abazi, Refet (Tetovo, 17. ⅰ 1964) – Actor and pedagogue. He graduated from the Faculty of Dramatic Arts (1989). Member of the Albanian drama (1989-1999). Since 1999 Assistant FDA in Skopje, where it leads the class actors in Albanian language. Roles: Ekart (Barefet Abazual ‘); Edgar (“King Lear”); Mark Allen (“Bones that come late”); Rash (“Platonov”); Cyril (“demons”); Ahmet Nuredin (“Dervish and Death”), etc. R. ST.

Abbot, Spase (Prilep, 50s of ⅹⅰⅹ c. – Ohrid, around the beginning of ⅹⅹ c.) – priest and revivalry. With his election as president of the Prilep church-school municipality (2 ⅳ 1884) was eliminated exarchical influence. He was the initiator for signing a petition from 26 Prilep Provenes, on behalf of 1,200 Prilep families, for rejecting the Bulgarian Exarchate and independence in the church municipality of Macedonian Orthodox society, with a request: “We want to have a Macedonian national school. Bibling We are not born Bulgarians, therefore we do not know our Bulgarian C (covering) municipality and their schools. For religious protection, we know the Pope, but without changes to the dogmas of the Orthodox Church “(2 ⅶ 1887). During his stay in Constantinople, he made contacts with the Serbian ideologue and diplomat Stojan Novakovic, Constantinople Patriarchate and the Supervisory Vicarus, with a request for recognition of the Macedonian church municipality in Prilep. But the request was acceptable only without the adjective Macedonian (1887), which he himself did not agree. At that stay in Constantinople, he also met with Metropolitan Theodosius Gologanov, he advised him to “communicate until the conditions for rebuilding the Ohrid Archbishopric, when all Macedonian dioceses, under the Macedonian name, will be glorious from other religious-national propaganda in Macedonia” . According to the joint later assessment, such conditions were created for several years, but their action for exercising that plan was hampered by the intervention of the Serbian consul in Skopje V. Karic and the ban from the Ottoman authorities. But in such conditions, he continued to collect signatures from the Pelagonija and the Ohrid diocese for the high port (17. 1891). Lit.: Macedonian nineteenth century 1800 & 1902, Skopje, 2007, 206, 224 & 227 and 254. S. Ml.

Abdermanov, Costa (village, Lerin, Aegean part of Macedonia, 15. X 1927) – Academic sculpture. Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Belgrade (1954). Member is DLUM. Exhibited more group and recalcable exhibitions. He is the author of several busts of folk heroes and landlords and co-author of the monument of fallen fighters in the village. Bogomila. S. Ml.

Abdi, Faik (Skopje, 2. ⅲ 1937) – businessman and political days. He finished secondary education, and then worked as an advisor in the economics sector and a plan at the paper factory “Komuna” in Skopje. He was a deputy in the Assembly of Skopje and MP in the Assembly of the SRM (1969-1974) and the Republic of Macedonia (1990-1994). For many years, he was president of KUD “Pralespe” in Skopje and the party for full emancipation of Roma in Macedonia (Pacother). S. Ml.

Abdul Azis (Istanbul, 9. 1830 – Istanbul, 4 ⅵ 1876) – Thirty-second Osmanli Sultan, who ruled in Macedonia (27. ⅴ 1861 – 1. 1876). He continued the reforms in the empire, took large loans and gave concessions for the construction of rail lines. In his time, to the uprisings in European rulings: in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1875), the April uprising in Bulgaria (1876) and the reflection in Macedonia (1876), the eastern crisis escalated, and the Sultan was forced to abdicate. Sultan Abdul Mehdid ⅰ