Ilinden Uprising (1903) – an uprising of the Macedonian people against the Ottoman rule. The Congress of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (TMORO), held in Thessaloniki (2/15. – 4/17. Ⅰ 1896), made a decision (16. 1903) in the spring to raise an armed uprising. The launch and the conduct of the uprising were left to district committees. Congress of the Bitola Revolutionary District, held in Smilevo (19-24. Ⅳ – 2-7. Ⅴ 1903), decided to raise a general liberation uprising; He chose the main establish headquarters of the Bitola Revolutionary District (within: Damjan Gruev, Boris Sarafov and Anastas Lozananchev), determined the uprisings and regional staffs. The main headquarters were transferred to all authority for managing the uprising; to commit military and political power and, with the functions of a military-rebellious government, he will enter into respect and conduct negotiations with diplomatic representatives and the governments of European major forces, as well as intermediate or direct negotiations with the enemy – the Government of the Ottoman state, or With her empowered representatives. The main instance headquarters (27. ⅴ 1903) made orders of the Government to mobilizes the bodies and bodies of the organization to take power in the cities and villages. The District Leadership in Bitola formed “Information Bureau” at the Headquarters for Execution of Intelligence and Information Tasks. The main headquarters made a decision (28. ⅵ 1903) for the start of the uprising of the day St. Elijah (2 ⅷ 1903). After the launch of the uprising, the Border Representative of the Organization in Sofia surrendered the governments of the European major forces declaration, which were notified of the unbearable exploitation and the fierce of the Ottoman state regime before the Ilinden Uprising in 1903. County of GS of the Bitola Revolutionary District for Starting The uprising (July 20, 1903), who did not respect the elementary rights recognized by the Macedonian people with the Berlin Treaty (1878). They were sought an effective intervention in order to force the Government of Turkey, as the only responsible for the military conflict, to carry out the obligations and Macedonia to give autonomy. The establishive forces have taken intrusive actions in all rebellious regions (2 ⅷ 1903). The rebels from the Krushevo rebellious district with a concentrated attack freed Krushevo. In the Kostur rebellious region, the larger settlements of Nevesky and Gorge were released; In the Lerin, the Ohrid, Prespa and the Kicevo Revolutionary Re-UN, where fierce fighting were driven, Macedonian revolutionary government was established. In the liberated Krushevo, the Chief of the Government Headquarters, the creation of the “Krusevo Republic”, with advice and “temporary government”, selected democratic than the people. Immediately afterwards, the other authorities of the government were selected. The privilege map of the armed actions in Ilinden Uprising (1903) The banner of the Krushevo Chief belt Government had a department: interior, finance, for nutrition, for construction and sanitation. The special activities performed special services: for providing and building maps for protection, for repair of weapons and for the production of military materials, including Cherryvo ball. The temporary government committed mobilization of the male population capable of struggle and has taken measures for the protection of the Muslim families of the escaped civil servants and their properties, provided by the rebelling headquarters. In an effort to neutralize the Muslim population, a call was referred to, known as “Krusevski Manifesto”, lithographed and sent to villages with Muslim population. It was communicated that the Macedonian people rose to an armed struggle against the tyrannical regime of power and thugs, and not against the poor Muslim population; That the insurgents are not robbers, but the sentence of Pitu Guli Volies, so it is not afraid, to remain calm, and that in autonomous Macedonia will all have equal rights and freedoms. In other revolutionary districts (Thessaloniki, the Russian and Skopje), the uprising there was a character of guerrilla warfare. All armed troops were activated who carried out attacks on military purposes: garrisons, watchdogs and other purposes, as well as strategic facilities: roads, railway lines, telephone and telegraph installations. By their action, the entire territory of Macedonia was covered, and thus the Ilinden Uprising received the character of a massive generous uprising. In the Bitola Revolutionary District, where the uprising was the most massively, the mobilization of a large part of the martial population was carried out, thereby ensured the necessary concentration of rebellial forces for attack and the release of the Vilet Center Bitola, at a time when the government of Turkey was distributed by the army units From other regions and brought military reinforcements from Asia Minor. The main investinating headquarters made a wrong assessment, pending intervention by European major forces, did not favor the benefits for the liberation of Bitola and to create a new reality in Macedonia. The rebellious headquarters (12. 1903) handed over a memorandum of diplomatic representatives by protest due to the barbaric procedures of the regular units of the military; Against the burning and destruction of the villages and massacrquering of the Neekation Macedonian population. By explaining to the governments of the European major forces, the main establishments headquarters from a position of legitimate representative of the war and tried to recognize such a status, and after the expected intervention, from that position to lead intermediate or direct negotiations with the Government of Turkey . European great powers had their other interests in the Ottoman state and the region, were against the armed uprising in Macedonia and preserving the status quo. The government of Turkey has given full freedom to use all the necessary forces and means of suffocation of the uprising. Both neighboring Balkan states were as interested in liquidating the uprising and destroying the Macedonian revolutionary organization, fearing the intervention of the forces for providing autonomy to Macedonia. In such conditions, in full isolation and in the hostile environment from the neighborhood, Macedonian rebellion forces survived before the end of 1903, opposing the huge, modern armed regular army and irregular military formations, which applied tactics to total destruction of the Macedonian Villages, material base and combat reserve. After multi-month fierce struggles, to spare the people of further massacre, the rebellious headquarters (12. 1912) issued a conclusion directive of the uprising. Lit.: Manol Pandevski, Ilinden Uprising in Macedonia, Skopje, 1978; Dr. Dimitar Dimeski, the Macedonian national liberation movement in the Bitola Vilet (1893-1903), Skopje, 1981; Dr. Gligor Todorovski, Ilinden, Skopje, 1990. M. Min.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис ИЛИНДЕНСКО ВОСТАНИЕ