Archives: Glossary

Abdul Hamid ⅰ (Istanbul, 20. 1725 – Istanbul, 17. 1789) – Twenty-seventh I Osmanli Sultan ruled in Macedonia (21. ⅰ 1774 – 7. ⅳ 1789). Before and during his rule, the Ottoman state was in the internal crisis, deepened with the defeats in the wars with Russia and Austria. Lit.: A. D. Alderson, Osmanlz Hanadanzn Subzg, Istanbul, 1998. J. Yan. Sultan Abdul Hamid ⅱ

Abdul Hamid ⅱ (Istanbul, 21. IX 1842 – Istanbul, 10. 1918) – Thirty-third-third Ottoman Sultan, ruled (31. ⅷ 1876 – 27. ⅳ 1909) and in Macedonia. At the beginning of the rule, he issued the first Ottoman Constitution (23. 1876), formed a two-political parliament and introduced reforms in favor of Christian subjects. The crisis culminated in the war with Russia, ended with the preliminary Santenfanskan (3. 1878) and with the Berlin Treaty (13. 1878). He ruled absolutist, he introduced the so-called. “Zulum mode”. The contemporaries were called “Bloody Sultan”. From power was taken down in 1909, at the time of the Young Turk Revolution. Lit.: A. N. BASCAL, Gnjnj Kurzharma Sanay ⅱ Abdonhamid’ain Stanelial Circoline, Istanbul, 1999; H. . Duda, biodegrads, Lexicon Zur Geszchitzche Tuesuropas, “Tompostauropaiszhe Arbeitite”, 75 LEEF. 1., Münzhen, 1972. J. Yan.

Abdul Mehdid ⅰ (Istanbul, 23. ⅳ 1823 – Istanbul, 25. 1861) – Thirty-first Ottoman Sultan, known as “Gazi”. He also ruled in Macedonia (3 ⅶ 1839 – 25. ⅴ 1861). He issued the famous State-Legal Act Hatisherif (3. XI 1839), called even Guljanian Hatisherif, with which the state guarantees the property and the freedom of all subjects. With the new Hatishherif, the so-called. Hatikhumyun (18. ⅱ 1856), the rights of Christians in the empire were increased. Lit.: H. Ganem, Etuis D ‘Hythe orient Les Sultans Ottotot, T. Ⅱ, Paris, 1902; H.-J. CORRUMPF, Biogropchiskheszhesh Lexicon Zur Geschitzche Tuesheuropas, Tompostosuropaiszhe Arbeitite, 75 / LEEF. 1, Münzhen, 1972. J. Yan.

Abduli, Ramiz M. (Ramiz M. AbdSli) (village Lojane, Kumanovo, 1. ⅱ 1944) – Historian, full professor at the State University of Tetovo. He finished elementary school in his native village, Teacher School in Skopje and graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy (Group History) in Skopje (1969). Master ‘s Degree on the topic “Presevo in the NOB 1941-1945” (1977), and received a PhD for the “position of the working class of Kosovo between the two world wars (1919-1941)” (1982) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Pristina. To the doctoring he was a teacher, teacher, professor and journalist in Kumanovo and Skopje, and then scientific and senior research associate at the Institute of History of Kosovo in Pristina (1978-1991), senior research associate and scientific adviser Ramiz Abduli (1999) in the Department For the period between the two world wars of the Institute of National History in Skopje (1. ⅱ 1994 – 2006). For some time, he was a rector of the unregistered Albanian University in Mala Recica. BIB.: Bajram Schalabani, “Flaka is Vallazërimite,” Cup, 1976; Gyda Dohe Positsa is Classes Punëtor Tam Kosolë (1918-1941), institutes and historisë, Priscatiousë 1988; Zef Lush Marku, “Rilindia”, Priscotenë, 1988; Albanian liberation movement 1908-1912, Ini, Skopje, 2003; Лëвија Combëtare SHGPTAR 1911-1912, institutes and historisë, pricatoë, 2004. Lit: 50 years Institute for National History 1948-1998, Skopje, 1998, 130131. S. Ml.

Abdullah, Avni (Avni Abdullah) (Urosevac, 1948) – short story writer, essayist, translator (from Turkish). He graduated from the Pedagogical Academy in Skopje. Journalist in the editorial “Birik” at the NIP “Nova Makedonija” in Skopje, was Lecturer, journalist and short time editor of the SP. “Pesler.” Literary papers were published in the Byrik, and “Tan” newspaper, in the children’s magazines “Tonjuk”, “Sevinich”, “Kush”, “Pesler” and “Shoe”. He is the author of the short stories “Road to the War” (1976), “Materni heart” (1977), “He is the most beautiful day” (1986) and “Night with Moon” (1992). He is a member of the Macedonian DPM since 1988. A. Ag.

Abdurahman-Abdush, Hussein (Skopje, 2. ⅱ 1921 – Skopje, 4. XI 2001) – a graduate of the first generation of the state theater school, drama director and actor, founder and first director of the theater of the nationalities in Skopje. Participant in the 1941 NOB participant, fighter in the first partisan squad. Convicted to death, and the release sees the death of death. More important directors: “suspicious person”; “Women”; “Cosna”; “With a force doctor”; “Georges Danden”; “Western pumpkin”; “I’m not wife for money.” R. ST.

Abdurahman-Pasha (second half of ⅹⅴⅰⅰⅰ c. – Constantinople, 1843) – Ottoman feudal of Albanian origin operated by Tetovo Pasalak. He was the son of Recep Pasha Tetovski and Miljana of Gnilane. Together with the brothers, he also ruled with the wider obstement of Prizren to Stip. For personal protection, the fortress of the hill Balper above Tetovo (1843). Because of the participation in the Albanian rebel movement, he was called for responsibility in the capital and executed together with the two brothers. Lit.: Mr. Toscow, Tetovo Pasha, “Cunnary of People’s Employment, Science and Lictive”, XI, Sophage, 1894; Aleksandar Matkovski, Resistance in Macedonia at the time of Turkish governance, Tom ⅳ. Bunny and uprisings, “thought,” Skopje, 1983. S. Ml.

Abduraman, Adem (pseudonym: Adem Gytani) (Podujevo, Kosovo, SR Yugoslavia, 21. ⅶ 1935 – Skopje, 19. 1982) – poet, journalist and translator. C. Gaates, Adem. S. Ml. Dino Abduramanov

Abduramanov, Dino Kljusev (Dine Dirmanchev) (village, Lerin, second half of ⅹⅰⅹ c. As a member of TMORO from 1896, he was in equalism, and since 1901. The Commission in the Duke of Duke Marko Lerinski (G. I. Georgiev). When staying at his home, he was surrounded by the Ottoman army and a bashibosk. In a hopeless position, he first killed his loved ones, and then suicidal with Saber had pushed towards targeted rifles and bayonets. Open is in several folk songs. Lit.: Macedonian autosites and revolutionaries, album, Skopje, 1950, 73; Trpko Bietkski, Macedonian folk songs from Vodina, Skopje, 1989, 186; Marko Kitevski, Macedonian combat folk songs. Anthology on the occasion of 60 years of ASNOM, Skopje, 2004, 197-198 and 315. S. Ml.

Abedinoski, Mustafa (v. Breeders, Ohrid, 1922) – Worker, Power and Political Deper. He was a participant in the Noob (from 1942). After the liberation, he was a secretary, then the President of the Municipal People’s Board in the native village, chairman of the Ohrid Control Commission in Ohrid and the National MP in the Parliament of NRM (1957). S. Ml.

Abis Hamit, Bedri (Skopje, 5. ⅴ 1905 ‡?) – a functionary of the Islamic Religious Community of the SRM. He graduated at theological Faculty “Liazher” in Cairo. Before the Second World War he was a professor of Arabic language in Skopje and a member of the Ukle Megel for Macedonia, Kosovo, Sandzak and Montenegro. After the liberation, he was a member and president of the UKLE MEP for SRM (1945-1954), and then the president of the elders of the IRC of the SRM and chairman of the Supreme Council of the IRC of the SFRY. S. Ml.

Abjanic, Dragan (Kumanovo, 7. 1953 – Skopje, 15. 1999) – Video and television author. It promotes the television expression in the Republic of Macedonia and introduces innovations in the television language. One of the first and most important Macedonian video services. Videel: “Then”; “Process”; “Vevcani”; “Ena”; “… and white.” Co-authorship: “Kokino”; “Gone”; “Sabway”; “Anna”. K. TR.-ABY.

Abujov, Aharon (ⅹⅴⅰ c.) – Rabin in Skopje. In the 70s of ⅹⅴⅰ c. He served in the synagogue “Beth Jacob”. When making decisions in the Rabbina court, he actively cooperated with the famous Thessalonian Rabin Smuel de Medina. In 1596, in Thessaloniki published the book “Show Ha Mor”. Lit.: Zenny Leel, Tide and Slim of Historje Yemea Vardarzke Macedonia, Gordles Milanovac, 1990; Jewish sources for the obvious-iconomic development of the Balkan take the Prez, and, Sofia, 1958. J. Nam

For the Macedonian works – the first book of contemporary Macedonian literary language and spelling and first scientifically set, theoretically reasoned and factuctive argumentative history of the contemporary written language and the Macedonian national political thought. K. P. Misirkov compiled the book mainly of its lectures in MNDD in S.-Petersburg, and in December 1903. He published in Sofia. It is prescribed and studied in the Macedonian literary circle in Sofia and prepared for reissuition, but the second edition has been announced for 20 years after the death of the author in the liberated country (Skopje, 1946). Although persistently hushed, severely persecuted, everywhere forbade and ruthlessly destroyed, until the full affirmation in the Republic of Macedonia, the Macedonian people did not receive a more significant, filled and more current book of this work of the Macedonian Slavity and the cultural and national division. P. Misirkov. The book contains: Predear (s. Ⅲ-XI); Shchcho VoIfme and Shchcho Trebite to Pray for advance? (1-44); Do they have the need for Macedonian Macedonian scientific-literary friendships? (45-67); National Separatism: The Garden of which have been developed and will develop for advance (68-99); Meeting, compiling and possess Macedonia to compare ourselves Separate ethnographers and political in-case? (100-131) and several words for the Macedonian Literary IP (135-145). Lit.: Krste P. Misirkov, for Macedonians work. Phototypic edition, Skopje, 1953; Krste P. Misirkov, collected works, I. Texts in Macedonian language (1900-1905), MANU, 2005; Ⅱ. Printed research and articles (1898-1909), 2007; Ⅲ. National Political Publicism (1910-1926), 2008; Dr. Blaze Ristovski, Krste P. Misirkov (1874- 1926). Attachment to the study of the development of the Macedonian national thought, Skopje, 1966, 346-380; The work of Krste Misirkov. Proceedings from the international scientific gathering on the occasion of the centenary of the release of the book for the Macedonian Works, and-ⅱ, MANU, 2005. BL. R.

Abrasevic – worker cultural and artistic group, Prilep (1934-1939) – founded in 1934. From youth, members of the SC. There were several sections: mixed choir, orchestra of oral harmonics, dramatic and recitation section and brass orchestra. Head of the choir section and orchestrators was Asparoch Korubinovski (19101972); With the dramatic section managed Kiro Sail, with the recitation Trajko Boskovski-Tarcan, and the literary company led Mile Korubin. However, the main task of the group was the party work with which I was also managed by Mile Korubin. The repertoire of the sections most often consisted of Macedonian folk songs, as well as songs with revolutionary content. J. T.

Abrasevic – Male Choir, Bitola (1933-1940) – founded in Bitola (1933) of the Joint Relations Unions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. His goal was to associate the working class to combat the then capitalist regime. The first conductor of this choir was Calypso Nake, a graduate pianist of the music academy in Athens. In the beginning, the choir count 30 foam chorists increased to 120, when his conductor became Velko Petrovski-Paskali. The repertoire was composed of then popular mass and revolutionary songs (“Marcellos”, “International”, “Waking up East and West,” “Chief”, etc.). J. T.

Abrasevic – Workers’ cultural and artistic group, Kumanovo (1927-1940) – The first founding assembly maintains 15. ⅰ 1928, although the idea of ​​its formation in Kumanovo originated since 1927. According to the documentation, only two sections existed in the beginner: a mixed choir and a small orchestra. The political climate in Kumanovo often impeded the continuity in the work of Abrasevic. ” For the most significant period, the time is considered when the bureautor of the chorus became the first Pance Peshev (1935-1936). In the monopoly in Kumanovo, at the initiative of P. Peshev, material funds were collected from workers for buying music and instruments for the monopoly orchestra. Except for the excursions for PR and May, the choir organized concerts in the city with a rich repertoire of unanimous and two-way revolutionary and mass songs. J. T.

Abrasevic, Costa (Ohrid, 20. ⅴ / 11. ⅵ 1879 – Sabac, 20. 1898) – “First Proletarian” Abrasevic “A” Abrasevic “, Male Choir (Bitola, 1933), with the conductor Kalypso, a poet, , Fighter for “work mankind. Ends ⅲ Grade Greek school in Ohrid, and after going to the family of migration in Shabac, Serbia (1888) continues education in the Serbian school. Because of the difficult disease, Nachclass leaves the school. Pray the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1896) to enroll as a scholar in the teaching school “to be $ – writes – useful to the homeland, and especially in my birthplace.” The application was rejected. After the adoption of socialist ideas (1894), he writes exalted verses and published his own and translated songs (from German) in the newspapers “Social Democrat” (1895) and “Doctor” (1896). The only poetry “Pesme” (1903) is proclaimed. The songs play the breeze, red, Put U Dance, etc. They become popular in the struggle for labor rights and freedoms. Patron of cultural and artistic societies in Macedonia. Lit.: John Spikley, O Pesomama Kostard Abracheva, SKG, 4, Belgrade, 1903; Eng. Moma Popani, Costa Abracheva – Gov Life, Rad and Istear, Belgrade, 1940; Dr. Stojan Risteski, Kosta Abrash. Proletarian poet from Ohrid. Enclosure Poetry, Ohrid, 1981. BL. R.

Abrahael, Haim (Pirot, Serbia 25. ⅻ 1896 – Israel, 1986) – Spec. Internist, Jew. Honey. Falk. He finished in 1926. He specialized in internal medicine, and then worked privately, as an internist in Skopje. In 1945 He was sent to work in the internal department of the Bitola Hospital, managed by (as Chief and Primirius) to retirement (1964), when he emigrated to Israel. P. B. Kosta Abrasevic.

AVERAME, MESAPSA (ⅹⅴⅰⅰ c.) – Ohrid Archbishop (1629- 1634). On March 6, 1631 He received the gram of the Holy Synod of Synod of the Ohrid Church to collect a mercy. He stayed in Venice and Rome, and through France, the Netherlands, England, reached in Russia. From Emperor Mikhail Theodotovich and Patriarch Filaret Netker received the right (gramothy) to collect a mercy. After staying in Russia, he again went to Western Europe and he collected a mercy to save the Ohrid Cathedral Church “Introduction of the Bogorodric” not to be converted into a mosque. For redemption, he gave 25,000 gold coins. Exhibit. ILIT.: CGASTA, F.: 52, OP. 1, d. 8, ll. 1-55; I. Snarar, Histor® of the Ohrid Archbishopric®-Patriarci®, ⅱ, Sophie®, 1995. Al. TR.

Abstract art – emergence in art from the beginning of ⅹⅹ c. It involves the notable works in painting, drawing, graphics and sculpture. In Macedonian art, several variants of abstract painting are developed since the fifties of abstract painting: Enformel (R. Anastasov, R. Kalchevski, D. Avramovski, I. Velkov, R. Losanoski, A. Jankuloski), abstract expressionism (P. Mazev ), geometric abstraction (D. Condovski, D. Percinkov) and types of postmodern concepts (D. Petkovic, B. Manevski, J. Schumbakovski). And similar tendencies are in the sculpture (P. Hadzi Boskov, J. Grabul, S. Manevski, B. Nikoloski, D. Poposki, S. Pavleski). Lit.: Sonja Abadzieva-Dimitrova, for nonfigurative painting .., “Reviews”, Skopje, 1975, 6; Vladimir Velickovski, Geometric and contemporary Macedonian art, Skopje, 1997. L. N. Victor Apphelbek.

Abulactia, Jacob (ⅹⅴⅰⅰ c.) – Rabin in Skopje. He served in the Skopje synagogue “Beth Jacob” (1680) at the same time with Rabbi Yichak Jichia. They possessed part of the scriptures of the Shabtaist Prophet Nathan from Gaza, who in his accession through Macedonia suddenly died in Skopje, where he was buried. Lit.: Zena Leel, Tide and Slim of Historje Yemea Vardarzke Macedonia, Gornian Milanovac, 1990. J. NAM.

Acacia. (Sort of Robinia Pseuduacia L., FAM. Leguosale) – one of the first foreign species (North America), entered since the ⅹⅰⅹ century in Macedonia. Wood up to 30 m high, with ball or an oval crown. The leaves complex odd passage, with insolvent, elliptical, simple petals (9-21). At the base of the leafy stalk there are two, sharp, strained. The flowers are white, rarely pink, collected in grape sord. The fruit is brown mesunic. The seed is kidalous, with a very hard sourd. Can be grown at different habitats. It is used as a forest type for afforestation of bare and eroded terrains, but also as Parkovski type. It is particularly valued the honeymin species. Al. And. Atanas Badev, Portrait of Paul Kuzmanovski

Academic Society Macedonia. (Geneva, 1915) – Continuation of the academic society of Macedonian-Riine students in Geneva (Switzerland) after the Ilinden Uprising (1904), and after the start of the First World War, it was updated under the name “Macedonia”. Organizers of the Company: Anastas Kocarev (Ohrid), Petar Zdravv (Tetovo), Dimitar Nestorov (Struga), Trifun Grekov (Enjy-Vardar), Blagoj Toshanov (Stip), A. Kopandonov and Aleksandar County (Veles), etc. In the same year and a group of Macedonian students at the Zurich University, the political society “Macedonia of the Macedonians”, in the next year, the political society “Macedonia – for the defense of the rights of the Macedonians”, and in the Geneva political society of Macedonia, Macedonia, is constituted in the next year in Lausanne. Later, there are 25 Macedonian societies in Switzerland, which includes the main board of the Macedonian societies in Switzerland (Lausanne, 1919) for defending the full and state constitution of Macedonia. Printed body is SP. “L’indendenda Macéodonean”. Lit.: Ljuben Lape, the activity of the main board of Macedonian societies in Switzerland 1918-1919. and the documentation for this, the “messenger of Ini”, IX, 1, 1965, 131-191; Ljuben Lape, the contribution of Macedonian students abroad for the development of the Macedonian national thought and defense of the Macedonian national individuality. Moments of the work of several student societies, “history”, 2, Skopje, 1970; Mihailo Minoski, the federal idea in the Macedonian political thought, Skopje, 1985. BL. R.