The relief in the Republic of Macedonia – a result of the complex geological-tectonic and morphogenetic processes that conditioned its diversity, whereby in geomorphological views can be distinguished from the youngest morphosurities. RM, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, has attracted some researchers, who gave their own scientific contribution to the resolution of certain geomorphological problems. By the First World War, the research of J is more significant. Zwić. In the period between the two world wars (1918-1941), better quality geomorphological findings for certain areas of Macedonia are realized: Skopje valley, Jakupica, Porecje, Seleka Mountain, Kozuf, etc. The release after the Second World War, especially the geomorphological researches in the Republic of Macedonia, which continuously continue and now (Ch. Stojadinovic, D. Manakovic, S. Stankovski, T. Andonovski, D. Kolcakovski and I. Milevski). Following its relief features, RM is a mountain-based country. Hypsometric indicators indicate us that the largest hydrographic network of the Republic of Macedonia, geomorphological map of the Republic of Macedonia, part of the territory is distinguished by hilly-mountainous land, which is about 81%, and 19% are flat terrain. This allowed RM to have an average altitude of 829 m. On the basis of the degree of vertical disagreement, six classes were allocated in the Republic of Macedonia. The first two classes plains and poorly broken plains ended at least from the territory of the Republic of Macedonia 666 km² or 2.60%, which are dissolved exclusively on the bottom of the large valleys. The classes of expressed and very distinctly broken relief are about 21,000 km² or 82%, which are disposed of on mountain terrains. The first two classes of relief have the slightest energy of the relief, where accumulation is carried out, and mostly refer to classes with the expressive energy of the relief, where erosion is carried out. In the formation of the current plastics of the relief in the Republic of Macedonia, the oligomiocate tectonic movements played when the neogene lake in all valleys occurred. During the Pliocene, Macedonia is a land of lakes. The central part of the Memberard Lake is stretched. Lakes existed in: Skopje valley, Kumanovo valley, Ovce Pole, Slavic valley, Veles, Polog, Mavrovska valley, Kichevska, Debar, Debarca, Desaret Group (Ohrid, Prespa and Micklick). The south existed Pelagonia, Mariovo and parts of the Great Aegean Lake in the Gevgelisovandova valley and today’s Dojran Lake. Neotectonic movements and processes at the end of Neogen caused the decomposition of the Aegean land, the eruption of volcanoes in certain parts of Macedonia with laves of lava and accumulation of tuffs, the spooling of the lakes of several valley and the formation of the river network of Vardar, Black Drim and Strumica. These neotectronic movements and processes have been formed modern mountain massifs (horsards) and valleys (grabenic depression). Because of this, the relief in the Republic of Macedonia resembles a chessboard in which on one side there are raised mountains, and the other lowered valleys. The valleys in the Republic of Macedonia have passed through a lake phase, and the lakes left their own traces in the form of large batteries along the bottom, and after the frame abrasions. At the end of the Pliocene and the beginning of the Pleistocene with the neotectonic movements, the old disadvantaged and new volcanic activity appeared in the Kumanovo valley, Kratkoskoskovski area, Kozuf, Tikves, etc. The elevated mountain morphrosures suffered different stretches. The oldest land is the Rhodope table with Pelagonits. The Rhodope mass covers completely eastern Macedonia and is represented by the Osogovo Mountains, the Maleshevo Mountains, Ograzden, Belasica, Plachkovica, Golak, etc., and have a different direction of stretching. In the middle part of the Republic of Macedonia is the Vardar zone, which has a dinar direction of stretching, and its width is 70 km and the composite valley of the river Vardar River is built. In the Western Macedonian zone, the stretch is Dinaric SZ-YI. The exception is the Shar Planina, which extends the IZ. From it to the south, the mountains have a major meridian stretching direction, and the most famous are Korab, Deshat, Krchin, Bistra, Karaorman, etc. In the Pelagonija antiquelum, the stretch is in various directions. Based on the geotectonic, genetic, evolutionary and morphological characteristics, almost all genetic types of relief can be distinguished. From the preliminal forms, traces of the merger valleys are preserved, which today in the relief prevents through which the traffic between separate valleys, such as: Gjavato (1,169 m), Pletvar (990 m), Bukovo (1,207 m), Tetovo Suvozola (525 m ) etc. Most of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia is affected by the process of fluvial erosion, which allowed the formation of all fluvival forms, including the river valleys of Vardar and its tributaries. Because about 2,400 km² or 9% of the territory is under limestone rocks, it is possible in separate areas to develop intensive karst erosion, which was the reason for the development and representation of all surface and underground karst forms. Fossil glacial shapes were found on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia: Circles, Valal, Mores, Glacial Lakes, etc. It says that at the time of the Pleistocene, mountainous landscapes higher than 2,000 m were affected by glaciation. In doing so, to emphasize the phenomenon of denudation and fairy forms. Lit.: T. Andonovski, characteristics of the relief in the Republic of Macedonia, “Geographic reviews”, REC. 30, Skopje, 1995; D. Manakovic, T. Andonovski, M. Stojanovic, A. Stojmilov, Geomorphological map of R. Macedonia – textual part, “geographical review”, kn. 32-33, Skopje, 1998. T. And.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис РЕЛЈЕФОТ ВО РМ