Aleksandar ⅲ Macedonian (Great) (Shale’dandros d; Alejander Magus) (Pela, 356 BC – Babylon, 13. 323 BCE) – Macedonian King (336-323 PR. HE) from the Argian dynasty, the son of Philip ⅱ and the Olympiad, the daughter of the Molesian ruler Neotolem. Romans give the nickname “Magnus” – “The Great Conqueror of the World”. Educated in the spirit of Aleksandar ⅲ Macedonian (Great) Macedonian aristocratic tradition; At the age of 13, he was taught by the philosopher Aristotle in the small place Myza (near his bad); His education covers: poetry, astronomy, geometry, rhetoric / Heist, a competition in gymnastic exercises, horse riding and hunting. At the age of 16, Philip entrusts Macedonia’s management (340) while he is in the campaign against Bizantin. The first military campaign is against Mains (tribe of the upper course of R. Strimon), winning the first victory and here the city of Alexandroupolis. At the age of 18, he participates in the glorious battle of Hayronic (338) and together with his father Philip defeated the Joint forces of the Hellenes. After the murder of Philip, the Macedonian Parliament proclaimed a map of Aleksandar’s conquests ⅲ Macedonian Alexander ⅲ in battle with the Persians (Relief) for the ruler of Macedonia. The first military action is aimed at Hellenic policies that are trying to reject the Macedonian government and force them to respect the Corinth Treaty, according to which he inherits the title “Hegemon of the Helleni”. In the campaign (335), he defeats the tribes and their allies the gays, then the Illyrian tribes, and the Illyric territory descends to Helada, where the anti-Macedonian uprising aroused (prompted by demosthenes), with the hotspot in thebace; It defeats the Tebans, and Athens accepts the offered peace treaty. In 334 BC It starts on a campaign against Persia with 40,000 troops and 1,600 warships; In Asia Minor it enters through Helespont, in Set; The first military clash with the Persian army occurs in R. Border of Proponis (334). The victory opens PA-TOT for further breakthrough; The Lished city of Sard is taught without a struggle, and then the cities of Aiolida and Jonony, including Ephesus, where he was greeted as a liberator of Persian slavery; Only Millet and Halicarnas give resistance (334). After these conquest divides the army in two parts: one part, headed by Parmenion, goes to captive in Sard, and the other starts in a campaign through Caria, Lycia and Pamphilia, winning all the cities and fortresses. In 333 BC The whole army is gathered in Gordon, the capital of Frigian kings (Gordy and Midas), where, according to one legend, Aleksandar intersects him with a match, the indefinite knot of the king of King Midas, thus fulfilling the prophecy that he would serve with Asia. In the won territories, it usually retains the existing administrative system: satrapies – basic administrative units with satrap, and most often Persians, have civilian and military power (except in Lydia, where he is appointed Macedonian), while the financial authority is governed by Macedonians; The Macedonian army controls the won territory. The first battle with “Great King” Darius ⅲ is happening in ISOS (333), where the Alexandrian army wins, and Darius escapes from the battlefield. In Phenicia, he conquers the determined city of Tire and gr. Gaza. In Egypt, he welcomed as a liberator and proclaimed for Pharaoh; In Memphis, Egyptian priests hand the double crown of Egyptian Pharaohs; The Delta of the r. Neal founded (331) gr. Alexandria (the territory of the city drawn from a barley flour (according to the ancient Macedonian custom). Through Syria, it enters Sevlotamia; Gavgazela (331) won the victory over the Great Persian army; City of Babylon, the main center of the Persian Empire; conquered the second Persian capital of Susa, and then gr. Imperial honors buries, Alexander, the new Persian king, continues north to Hirania and Party, areas in the south of the Caspian Sea. From 330 to 327 BC resides in Baktria and Sogadana. In Bakharia (327) are women with one of the most beautiful women, Roxana, who, after his death, gives birth to the son of Aleksandar ⅳ. In the campaign in India of R. Hidasp leads the last big battle with the King of Punjab – Por (326). After the great victory, towards their own The Kingdom also acquires the countries on the side of the IND; The place of victory founded gr. Nix (win), and nearby builds gr. Called Bukefala (in memory of his celebrity horse Bukefal). On the shores of r. Hipast raises twelve altars of the gods and pillar who wrote: “Alexander stopped here. On return, on the foundation of Indus, the basis of New Alexandria (one of the 17 Alexandrians). On the shores of the Indian Ocean Alexandrian army is divided into two parts, one part, under the leadership of Alexander, moves by land, and the other, under the guidance of Nonrech, sail 80 days. In 324 The whole Macedonian army is collected in Susa, where he organizes a celebration in honor of the “Great Holy Wedding”: 10,000 Macedonians with Pesyliki are married; Among them, Alexander himself, who were women with Darius’s daughters, Brusida and Parisatida and the smallest daughter of Artarxerxes, Ohos. It plans further campaigns, much more research than a conquering: a naval trip around the Arabian Peninsula to Carthage and the islands of Heracle (or Melchart), the oldest strait between Europe and Africa (day. Gibraltar). The plans fail with his death. It remains remembered as the world’s largest military leader and an invincified warrior, the Creator of the new world, the new epoch, the new order. Lit.: Plutorzch, Alejander, Loeb Clibari, Harvard Universitis Press, 1959; Tsortus Rufus, de rebuch gestis Alegeri Macydone Wal. And, Parisiis, 1822; . L. Adams and E. N. BORZA, PHILIP ⅱ, Alejander TePhe Grate and TePe Macdonian Heritage, Nasashington, D. C., 1982; F. Papazoglu, History of the Hellenistic period, Skopje, 1995; J. N. Borza, in the shadow of Olympus, Skopje, 2004; P. BOSE, Alejander Tezh, London, 2003; Arian, Alexandr’s Anabasa. Prev. M. Buzalkova, Skopje, 2000; Quein Curtia Ruf, history of Alexander the Great. Prev. L. BASOP, Skopje, 1998. A. Shook.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис АЛЕКСАНДАР Ⅲ Македонски