Skopje – The main and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with 467,257 h. (2002). It is located in the Skopje valley, on both sides of the Republic of Macedonia. Vardar, at an altitude between 220 and 400 m. It covers an area of 7,820 ha. There is a very favorable traffic. Publisher: NIP “New Macedonia-Ostar Skopje, engraving (ⅹⅴⅰⅰ c.), Editor-in-chief Miroslav Skopje before the earthquake (1963) No-geographical position. He is the gravitational center of the whole country. From him, modern roads in several directions, such as: motorways Skopje-Kumanovo, Skopje-Veles and Skopje-Tetovo – Gostivar, then, Skopje-Blace, as well as the regional road Skopje-Kozjak-Makedonski Brod. Skopje is a railway traffic node in Macedonia, and in Petrovec there is a contemporary airport. It has a moderate-continental climate with an average annual air temperature of 12.0 ° C and an average annual amount of precipitation of 502 mm. Skopje is an old city. The ancient period was the capital of Dardania. Under the name Skupi Ptolemy mentions in ⅱ c. AD Then the city was lying under Zushev Reid between today’s settlements Bardovci and Zlokukani. In the time of the Romans, he had a great strategic significance and the seventh Roman legion was located. High natural disaster Skupi struck in 518, when it was destroyed by an earthquake. The population did not renew the old settlement, but on the space between Kale and Gazi Baba on both sides of the R. Serava raised a new settlement. She quickly developed, especially in the time of Tsar Justinian (527- 565), when he became a more alphabetical office in Skopje after the earthquake (1963) and a well-arranged city. At the end of ⅶ c. (695) They took the Slavs and gave him the name Skopje. In the time of Samuil’s state, it is mentioned as an episcopal seat. Toward the end of ⅹⅴⅰⅰⅰ c. (1282) enter into account of a medieval Serbian state. King Dusan proclaims his capital and brings the famous Dusanov code in him. From 1392-1395 By 1912 is under Turkey’s power. In that period, the city receives a Turkish-oriental landmark. Economic evolves, especially in ⅹⅴⅰ and ⅹⅴⅰⅰ c., When it becomes one of the most developed and largest cities in European Turkey. The city becomes an important craft and shopping center. For accommodation of retailers and their goods were raised more Caravan Sarai and Anovi, such as Kursumli-An, Suli-An, Kapinan, etc. The traveler Evliya Celebija compares the Skopje bazaar with that in Constantinople. In S. There were 12,000 houses with about 60,000 h., Then 2,150 stores, one Bezisten, 70 public Amami (baths), 120 mosques, and more Baggovs and sarai. Shopping caravans regularly maintained links with Thessaloniki, Belgrade and Dubrovnik. However, in 1689, in the time of the Austro-Turkish War, the city is experiencing a second catastrophe, was burned by the Austrian general picolomini and completely destroyed. The population left the city, with some (mainly Turks) settled even in Constantinople, where they founded the right of mass, and others (most Macedonians) joined the migration wave of Arsencial Blueojvic and moved away to the north in the Panonian lowland. For these reasons during ⅹⅴⅰⅰⅰ c. The city dropped, so the traveler peony states that it was only 5-6000 h. In ⅹⅰⅹ c. The city again begins to develop. Already in the middle of the century, he became a large shopping center, and Han noticed that counted 20,800 h. Among the two world wars S. He was the administrative center of the then Vardar Banovina. From the Bulgarian and German occupation he was released in 1944. It was declared by the first People’s Government of Federal Macedonia and Skopje becoming its capital. In 1963 The city experiences the last catastrophe. On July 26, he struck a strong earthquake, which destroyed 80% of the housing stock and died 1,070 h. Thanks to the self-trust of their inhabitants and unselfish assistance from all of Yugoslavia, as well as from the UN and from 87 countries of the world, S. It was quickly updated. During ⅹⅹ c. The population in the city, with small interruptions, is in constant increase. Thus, in 1900 In it lived 31,900 h., in 1953. 124.476 h., And in 2002 467.257 h. In addition to the Macedonians, whose number, according to the last census, is 332,778 h., In S. There are also representatives of several ethnic communities. Most of them are from the Albanian ethnic community – 71,483 h., Then follow the Roma – 23,202 h. Well Serbs – 14,251 h., Turks – 8,549 h., Bosniaks – 6.465 h., Vlachs – 2,546 h., And as the rest were declared 7,983 h. Current Panorama of Skopje The city administratively-territorially divided into 10 municipalities, which occupy a total area of 57,146 ha, with 52 settlements, which live 506.962 h.. Due to its suitable geographical position, the hectic historical past and the great population, S. Today, it is the most developed economic, cultural-educational and political center in the Republic of Macedonia. It is concentrated more than a third of the industry in the republic, here in the field of black metallurgy is the ironmart, from the chemical industry is “Ohis”, the petrochemical industry is the oil refinery “OKTA”, pharmacy is “Alkaloid”, from the non-metal Industry is the cement plant “USJE”, etc. S. is a seat and numerous political, social, cultural and educational and health institutions, such as: University “St. Cyril and Methodius, “MANU, more scientific institutions and museums, such as: Museum of Macedonia – Archaeological, Ethnological and Historical, Natural History Museum, Museum of the City of Skopje, Museum of the Old Skopje Bazaar, Museum of Contemporary Art, several art galleries, theaters and libraries. Of the rich historical-urban development of the city, and as a testimony from the cultural past, a number of significant cultural and historical monuments are preserved: the ancient city of Skupi, Kale, the Stone Bridge, the Aqueduct, the church “St. Rescue, “more mosques, the old bazaar and numerous monuments from the NOB. In the vicinity of S. There are also more cultural and historical monuments, among which more significant are: “St. Panteleimon “in the village. Nerezi (1164), Mark’s monastery south of the village. Sushica, the monastery “St. Nikita “in the village. Banjani, the monastery “St. Andrew “on the shores of Lake Matka, the monastery church” St. Archangel and Gavril “above the village. Kuceviste, the Church “St. Nicholas “in the village. Ljuboten, etc. LIT. : John Hadzi Vasilyqi ¢, Skopje and Zyagiak environment, Belgrade 1930; Anthony Nikolovski, Dimitar Kalikov, Kosta Balabanov, cultural monuments in the People’s Republic of Macedonia, Skopje 1961; Mitko Panov, Skopje, Geographic View, No.1, Skopje 1970; Risto Galic, Tihomir Arsovski, Skopje 1963-1973, Skopje 1973; Census of the population, households and apartments in the Republic of Macedonia, 2002 – REC. J, DSH, Skopje 2004. Al. ST. “Skopje”, expatatory club
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
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