Caves – underground karst forms that occur in areas composed of carbonate rocks, and are formed with karst erosion. Caves are usually with extended channels inside the limestone masses stretching mainly horizontally. They can only have one channel, but most often consist of a network of channels, corridors and halls. Carbonate rocks in the Republic of Macedonia, in which caves are developed, are especially represented in the mountain massifs of Western Macedonia and Vardar Valley. Speleological research begins between the two worldvaire Single Wars. Them start Peter S. Jovanovic, Stanko Kar-Mann and Vojislav Radovanovic. After the Second World War, speleological researches are intensified, especially with the establishment of the speleological society of the Republic of Macedonia, which made an exceptional contribution to the commencement of organized scientific research activity. The greatest contribution to successful scientific research and the propagations of the caves gave: Dushan Manakovic, Risto Garevski, Trajan Petkovski, Joseph Josifovski, Stanko Stankovski, Tome Andonovski, Dragan Kolcakovski, Ivica Milevski, the famous speleological society “Penion” from Skopje, etc. According to the genetic classification, the caves are shared on two groups: sub-products and real caves. Real caves are those that have long and branched cave channels that extend into limestone masses, and are located over another. Given whether water flow or not, the caves are shared on river and dry. In the formation of the caves, in addition to the chemical (karst) erosion, the mechanical erosion of underground river flows participates. With chemical erosion, the cracks in the carbonate masses, through which underground rivers flow. Underground rivers, carrying certain amounts of fluval material sand, extend the cracks and form cave channels. In the Republic of Macedonia, over 150 caves were explored. The five longest caves in the Republic of Macedonia are: a sweet source in Porechje (1,100 m), Gjonovica (Beauty) on Mount Bukovic (1,010 m), white water in Demir Kapija (955 m), Dona Duka on thirsty mountain (700 m), Alitalia of Mount Bistra (590 m). Lit.: D. Manakovic, caves in Macedonia, “Geographic View”, REC. 1, Skopje, 1970; T. Andonovski, an overview of underground karst forms in SR Macedonia, ⅸ Yugoslav celeological congress, 1990. T. And.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
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