Karst in the Republic of Macedonia – complex specific morphological forms and hydrological phenomena in carbonate areas. The shapes of the render in the karst are represented by closed depressions with different dimensions that give special appearance and physiognomy. The second feature of the karst is its hydrologically contradiction: high irrenture of the surface, and wealth with water inside the limestone masses. The karst name is an international term with Slavic origin and indicates a stone, rock. Karst terrains in the Republic of Macedonia occupy an area of about 2,440 km² or 9.6% of the territory of our country. Carbonate car drawing from the battlefield of the Austria-Turkish War (1683-1699) Kozuf Pannina PI, although it has almost in all parts of the Republic of Macedonia are unevenly prevalent. Most is represented in the Western Macedonian and Vardar zone and Pelagonija Horst antiqulinum. The most famous mountainous areas dominated by carbonate rocks, and therefore the karst relief are: Bistra (2,163 m), Jakupica (2,540 m), Galicica (2,288 m), His day (1,259 m), Suva Gora, Karadzica, Bukovic, The Porecian Basin, the sources of Crna Reka, the Valley of Radika. Smaller karst oases are represented in the Vardar zone: Tora Gorge, Veles valley, Demir Kapija, Kozuf, etc., and the karst is least represented in the eastern parts of the Republic of Macedonia, in the mountains Plachkovica and Vlain. The age of carbonate rocks is different. They are also different in terms of chemical composition, even a retail expanse. Due to the tectonic movements, the limits are strongly harvested, disadvantaged and extinct, so that it also affected the hydrographic network. In the karst terrains of the Republic of Macedonia, specific surface and underground relief forms represented by the Karst Relief are developed. Surface karst forms have been developed volume, spares, dials, karst fields, scrarken drop. The biggest karst box in the Republic of Macedonia is a Ceric field with 45 km². Underground karst shapes are represented by caves and ruptures. The most famous caves are: Gjonova of Mount Bukovic, a Slatinski source in Porechje, White Water in Demir Kapija, Alilica of Bistra, etc. Surface and underground karst forms are occurred with karst – chemical erosion, ie by dissolving the limestones of atmospheric precipitation, and the most intense is along the cracks. In the karst areas, surface flows are rare, and there are golden plants and scrubstable valleys, so underground circulation and underground river flows occurs. Groundwater breaks out on the surface in the form of strong sources or trends occurring at the foot of limestone sections, at the bottom of the valleys, such as sources Vrutch, Studencica, Vevcani sources, etc. Karst terrains in the Republic of Macedonia are poor and fertile land, so they are poorly populated. In high-mountain karst areas of Galicica, Jakupica, Bistra, Suva Mountains are spacious pastures, but their use is conditioned by providing water. Lit.: T. Andonovski, an overview of underground karst forms in SR Macedonia, “ⅷ Speleological Yugoslav Congress”, Belgrade, 1981; D. Kolchakovski, Speleorphological characteristics of the karst relief in the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonia, “Geographic reviews”, REC. 36, Skopje, 2001. T. And. Map of natural potential vegetation
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис КАРСТ ВО РМ