The appearance and growth of industry in Macedonia

The appearance and growth of the industry in Macedonia – enriching the economic structure with industrial enterprises, forming and developing industry as a separate activity. The industry is an economic activity (sector) that exceeded the priority place in the economy for a period longer than 200 years. The ILO has Latin origin and used to indicate the processing of raw materials of material, plant and animal origin, i.e. Factory production. More recently, it is more widely important and all activities are allocated (including services, so it is said, for example, and for the banking industry). Therefore, today, under the industry in the narrower sense of the word, only the processing industry (manuffaturing) is meant. In the period before World War II, on the territory of today’s Macedonia, there was almost no industry in the true sense of the word. In fact, it was working for manuffactular production for larger craft workshops. However, since 1920, with Serbian, Croatian, Czech, and later with domestic capital, separate industrial enterprises begin to establish. This occurs the mill industry, oil industry, beer industry, the industry for the test products, textile industry, the skins industry, etc. For more intensive industrial development, only after the Second World War, when besides the food and textile industry, metal processing, machinery, chemical, electrical industry and other industrial branches are gradually. During that period, the development of the economy was identified with the development of the industry, and the socialist model of industrialization was characterized by forced industrialization (industry development at all costs, even more than allowing objective conditions). In particular, the heavy industry was involved, and the development of the light industry was neglected. However, unlike other socialist countries, already in the middle of the 1950s, in Macedonia (as part of the then Yugoslavia), this orientation is left and the model of balanced, i.e. balanced development. But, despite this, most of the investments remained invested in the industry, which neglected the development of other activities, primarily agriculture. Forced industrialization came to the fore during the 1950s and in the mid-1960s. The achieved rapid industrial development during this period is reflected in the increase in industrial production with annual rates between 10-14%, as well as in the increased number of industrial facilities and employees. In the middle of the 1960s, the industry shows a more moderate increase at an annual rate of about 8%. It is a period when it is dynamized development and other activities. The attention of the holders of economic / industrial policy is slowly turning to the modernization of industrial capacities and productivity growth, despite the previous quantitative dissemination of the industry. Similar pace of growth industry shows and during the seventh decade of the last century (when growth rates retain about 8%). This trend is retained by the early 1980s, when, as a consequence of the crisis of stagflation, growth rates are reduced in half, and from the mid-1980s further decline to 1-2% per annum. The beginning of the transition The Macedonian industry welcomed it with further reduction of the previous dynamics. In the first half of the 1990s, it comes to stagnation, and then to declining production with negative annual growth rates and up to -15%. Since the middle of that decade, positive growth rates begin, but due to the security crisis since 2001, during 2001 and 2002. came to a re-drop in industrial production. Overcoming such a situation takes place gradually. Summary, as a result of the rapid growth dynamics (with an average annual rate of about 7%), industrial production for a period of 40 years (since the early 1950s to the early 1990s), increased by about 20 paus . Consequently, from the expressed arrears of the agrarian area, Macedonia has grown into an industrial agricultural land. The pace of the increase in industrial production period rate of annual growth (%) 1953-1956 13.7 1957-1960 10.8 1961-1965 14,0 1966-1970 8,2 1971-1975 8,3 1976-1980 8.5 1981-1985 3.9 1986-1990 1.5 1991-1995 -13,0 1996 4.5 1997 2.9 1998 4.5 1999 -2.5 2000 5,0 2001 -3, 2002 -5.3 2003 4,7 2004 -2.1.: State Statistical Office, Statistical Annuals of the Republic of Macedonia for appropriate years. Lit.: Todor Mirovski, the economy of Vardar Macedonia between the two world wars, MANU, Skopje, 1998; Republic Institute for Statistics, Development of SR Macedonia 1945-1984, Skopje, 1986. P. N. Belt


Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис ПОЈАВУВАЊЕТО И РАСТЕЖОТ НА ИНДУСТРИЈАТА ВО МАКЕДОНИЈА

Leave a comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *