Tax system of RM – a set of all taxes introduced and being charged in the country, based on its fiscal sovereignty. According to modern interpretation, the tax system is included, in addition to taxes, even salaries and salaries, introduced as mandatory duties for financing the compulsory forms of social insurance (pension and disability insurance, etc.). From the tax system, which with the taxes introduced a rational and harmonious instrumental structure, the tax policy differs, which consists of taxes, by changing their elements (tax rate, tax base, tax incentives, etc.), for the purpose of achieving Fiscal (financial) and extract goals related to economic and social priorities of society. The tax system of the Republic of Macedonia continuously develops on the basis of several different taxes, which cost the so-called. Tax pluralism, which is the main feature of all modern tax systems. During the 90s and in the start. In 2000, as well as in other transition countries, a radical tax reform was carried out in the Republic of Macedonia, which build a completely new structure of taxes and have introduced brand new, unknown notions and categories in taxation. The tax system reform was conditioned by a number of objective factors, such as: independence and independence of the Macedonian state, the need to establish a new, market-oriented tax system, compatible with tax systems in other market economies, especially with the European, and the necessity tax system To comply with the overcoming trends in tax reforms that began from the mid-80s. in other advanced states in the world. The current tax system of the Republic of Macedonia consists of several different types of taxes, such: a) income taxes: 1. Personal tax on to-Hod, 2. Tax on profit; b) consumption taxes: 1. Value added tax (VAT), 2. Excise, 3. Customs; c) property taxes: 1. Property tax, 2. Inheritance tax and gift, 3. Pro-meth income tax on real estate and rights; d) Social security contributions: 1. Contributions from salaries and other income of insurers. More widely than the tax system, the public revenue system covers, in addition to taxes and contributions, both fees, communal duties and fees, loans, donations in the country and abroad and other income. The tax system has several important features. Its structure relies on the simplest representation of direct and indirect taxes. Direct taxes consists of income taxes, social security contributions and property taxes. They are calculated with proportional rates, which means that the tax liability is proportional to the tax capability of the bonds. Income taxes and contributions accounted for 39.2% in the total revenues of the Republic of the Republic (the consolidated budget of the central state) for 2005. Only contributions to different social security segments participated with 28.3%. High contributions affect the amount of labor costs and negatively reflect the dissemination of the gray economy, the legal employment and the competitiveness of the Macedonian economy. The relationship between direct and indirect taxes is in favor of these latter. They, 2005, participated with 69.4% in the total tax revenues in the central state budget (without customs). Together with customs, indirect taxes (taxes on consumption) participated with 77.7%. This level of participation of these taxes is among the lowest in modern states. On the one hand, this representation of indirect taxes is a positive feature of the tax system. These taxes are more convenient for collection and less susceptible to tax evasion (especially VAT) than direct taxes (income taxes, primarily). From the aspect of economic effects, indirect taxes are posteriorative and for saving investments. Therefore, these taxes represent a better choice in the tax system of direct taxes, especially because of the economic underdevelopment and the need to encourage investors. On the other hand, the fact that indirect taxes are regressive, so because of their high share in the total tax revenues, the tax system as a whole has significant regressive effects. This is a lack of the tax system, emphasized by the lack of progressive taxation of the income of the citizens, ie with the application of the proportional rate in personal income tax. All these elements contribute the redistributing effect of the tax system to be negative. From the point of view of the distribution of the tax burden between social groups in society, it is concluded that the tax burden is not primarily the persons who, according to the realized income, are in the middle or in the lower part of the income scale. Such a situation with the distribution of tax to-lime is oblique with the principle of fairness in taxation, which, together with the principle of economic efficiency, is one of the two key principles of every good tax system. The tax revenues of the central state government budget accounted for 19.4% in GDP for 2005. This, in international relations, is a moderate load. Therefore, the tax system, in general, taking into account all its aspects, is in line with the imperative to influence stimulus to the development of savings, investments and economic growth. Lit.: Zivko Atanasovski Public Finance, Skopje, 2004. J. A. Tax reform in the Republic of Macedonia
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис ДАНОЧЕН СИСТЕМ НА РМ