External trade – Exchange of goods and services between imports 1,530851 1.718.904 2.093.872 3.097.000 Different National Economic Saldo-418.065 -514.856 -771.255 -1. 056,000 Mii. Trade in Macedonia Coverage of export import – In% 72.7 70.0 63.2 65.9, it always had an international character, thanks to its central position on the Balkan semi-ID and the favorable natural and at the same time the shortest connection between the West and east of the valley on the river Vardar. This fact was observed since the Romans, otherwise skilled soldiers and merchants, due to the significant road routes at that time (Via Egnatia and Constantinople – Belgrade) passed through Macedonia. In ⅹⅳ and ⅹⅴ century, Macedonia was a significant trade destination. Skopje was the main shopping center with the presence of well-known traders – Dubrovcani, Venetians and Byzantines. Among the two world wars trade in Macedonia was a third commercial branch. In the first ten years after World War II (1945-1955), the foreign trade of Macedonia lagged behind the general development of the economy. Namely, the share of exports to the social product of the country (1955) was 2.7%, and the import 2.6% (the absolute value of exports and import was all 30 million US $). After 1955 The dynamics of the growth of exports and imports goes to the dynamics of the increase in the country’s social product. Synthetically speaking, in the period 1945-1989, the structure of foreign trade, according to the level of processing, had a positive trend in exports and imports, while the export of investment goods was very low, and imported to the seventies very high, and then He halved and drastically decreased over the eighties. In the same period, the highest share in the Macedonian exports were: , 78 products, metal products, machinery and devices, and after 1974. and oil. The comparative advantages, the complementarity of the economies, as well as the political relations with the trade partners, had significant influence on the routes of foreign trade. During this period of 40 to 50% of the total foreign trade of Macedonia, the countries of the Sev, 20% of the EEC countries, 20% of other Western countries and 10% of developing countries. By countries, during the 1980s, the most significant trading partners of Macedonia, and the export side and the import side were: USSR, West Germany, Italy, USA, Paul-Sky, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. After independence, Macedonia as a small country faced the imperative to increase its openness and improve its integration into global world economic flows in 1990. The share of foreign trade (the value of exports and imports together) in the gross domestic product of the country was about 60%, during the 1990s to exceed 80%. According to the openness index in international trade, Macedonia between 141 countries is ranked 40th (in the wider region, Slovenia and Bulgaria have a better position. The tendency of the growth of foreign trade is followed by a decrease in the degree of coverage of imports with export and with an increase in the country’s trade deficit. This situation is not sustainable in the longer term and points to the need to increase the competitive ability of the Macedonian economy and the increase in the share of products with the value of exports and import of SR Macedonia in the United States $ – Year year 1960 1970 1980 1984 1984 Greater added value in the structure of exports. In the export structure, the largest share in 2005 had: textiles and clothing (28.5%), iron and steel (26%), agricultural products – food and raw materials (17.3%), mineral raw materials – ore, fuels and non-ferrous metals (10.78%) and machinery, office and transport equipment (5.38%). On the import side dominated: mineral raw materials, ores and fuels (21.85%), machinery, office and transport equipment (17%), agricultural products – food and raw materials (13.77%), chemical products (10%) and Various semi-products (9%). The most important foreign trade partners of Macedonia in recent years are: Serbia and Montenegro, Germany, Greece, Italy, Russia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey and Slovenia. Not.: Republic Institute for Statistics, Development of SR Macedonia 1945 -1984, Skopje, 1986, 107-110; USAID, Ohrid Institute Fort Economic strategies and international Affires, Government of the Republic of Macedonia, Report on Foreign Trade of Macedonia, Skopje, 2006, 65-108. Lit.: T. Mirovski, the economy of Vardar Macedonia between the two world wars, MANU, Skopje, 1998, 184-214; N. Uzunov, the economy of the Republic of Macedonia 1945-1990, MANU, Skopje, 2001; USAID, Ohrid Institute Fort Economic strategies and international Affaires, Government of the Republic of Macedonia, Report on Foreign Trade of Macedonia, Skopje, 2006. T. F.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис НАДВОРЕШНА ТРГОВИЈА