Development of banking in Macedonia. The first stubs of banking work in Macedonia occur in the ancient period, at the time of Filip Makedonski (359-336 BC), when a golden Macedonian coin was introduced – Stand. With the advent of the Romans, individual cities in Macedonia have the right to engage their coins, in Stobi, for example, they are coins on 12 Roman emperors. In the Middle Ages, at the time of the rule of Serbian kings, there is no state control, and more important hammers are those in Skopje, Ohrid, Kratovo and Stobi. The reversal in the development of banking is Stopanska Banka, Skopje The reform of the monetary and financial system of the Turkish Empire of 1856, with which the population is obliged to pay all the charges in money, and the first real banks are introduced. In 1903, the Constantinople Ottoman Bank opened its own branches in Skopje and Bitola, and in the same year and the agricultural – Ziraat Bank opened branches and office in Macedonia, which operate until 1912. In the Turkish Empire with banking, Macedonian merchants and craftsmen are dealt with, with more familiar credit institutions: “Terions”, “Love”, “Growing”, “Brato Labor” and “Compound”. In the period between 1918 and 1923 23 private banks are formed, of which are more important: the trade industrial bank “Vardar”, the Skopje Export Bank and the Bank “Old Serbia”. Immediately after the liberation (1945), all banks are placed under state control, and most of the private banks are liquidated. In March 1945 The Statute of the Macedonian Stopanska Banka was adopted, which determined the principles of its operations and the initial capital, and in 1945 and 1946. She opened eight branches in the major cities of Macedonia. Since March 1952 By the beginning of 1954 There is a monobank system, i.e. During this period of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, only NB of FNRJ – a power plant for NRM. After 1954, with the formation of communal banks, the process of decentralization of the banking system, ie the transition to two-stage banking begins. During 1961 Again comes to the reorganization of the banking system and early 1962. The activity of Stopanska Banka of the NRM is renewed, which later changes the name in Stopanska Banka – Skopje. With the economic reform of 1965. There are changes in the banking system, with two commercial-investment banks, in Skopje and Bitola from 26 communal banks. At the end of the 1970s, a large reorganization of the banking system, which is built according to the concept of the associated labor. At the end of 1979 The banking system of Macedonia is composed of a joint bank (Stopanska Banka – Joint Bank – Skopje), 27 basic banks, 3 business units and 62 branch offices, ie a total of 93 bank units. At the end of the 1980s, an attempt was made to organize the banking system based on the principles of the market economy, but these attempts show themselves unsuccessful. At the time of the monetary independence of Macedonia, the banking system is distinguished by a large amount of uncollectible loans, chronic liquidity problems and insolvency. In May 1993 The first law on banks and savings houses are adopted, which determines the conditions for establishing and operating banks. In April 1995 The extensive process of remediation of the banking system, which includes linear remediation of the banking sector, as well as special remediation of Stopanska Banka AD Skopje. In order to strengthen public confidence in the banking system, in January 1997. The Insurance Fund is established, as an institutional mechanism for protecting small savers. At the same time, during the entire period after the monetary independence, the process of upgrading the legal, regulatory and institutional framework for the functioning of the banking system is running. Lit.: Lyupco Trpeski, money and banking, Economic Press, Skopje, 2003, 560-563. D. P.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис РАЗВОЈОТ НА БАНКАРСТВОТО ВО МАКЕДОНИЈА