Guilds – Social-economic and professional-stale organizations and associations of craft producers, who existed in the ancient period in the old Egyptians, Macedonians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks and Romans, as colleagues (Collegia opifitum); In the Middle Ages and in Byzantium as Casks (guilds, associations). In the newer period, it was developed in the Ottoman Empire (up to 70-80s of ⅹⅰⅹ c.). In the middle of ⅹⅹ c. They were known as guilds and craft associations. At the beginning, they were located in the Storokotal Crafts, Market and Shopping Centers and Latifandies, later in feudal properties, fortresses and castles, and in the newer period in the villages and in cities. After the arrival of Turks, Ottomans in the Balkans and Macedonia developed and organized and organized, mostly due to the economic and military needs of the state. Under the conditions, the Lonja (administrative members were drawn up and were composed of production members and administrative bodies. The production worked apprentices, Calfi, Masters and in certain periods of prompt workers, and in the administration the establishment (first-time), the Cathurch, the Igitbash and the couch. They had cash and funds (guild recorders); They had their own statutes, courts, prints and bayers; They maintained testers (for taking and promoting cheeses in Calfi, and then from Calfi in masters) and annual assemblies of the lonbers, and held religious named saints, guild celebrations, customs and traditions. Among the more important guild, craft, market, trade and fair municipal centers in Macedonia stated: Thessaloniki, Serez, Bitola, Drama, Kavala, Prilep, Skopje, Kostur, Ohrid, Struga, Veles, Voden, Voden, Nodrocop, Meglen. Lit.: D. Zografski, Prilep Fair in the past, Yearbook of the Faculty of Law, ⅱ, Skopje, 1955, 96-135; J. Janev, historical and social and economic aspects of the guild organization in Macedonia at the time of Turkish rule, Skopje, 2001, 1-271. J. Yan. Ordinary Espareset
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
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