The structure and structural changes in the industry – the percentage share of certain branches (departments) in the total industrial production, participation in the total number of employees in the industry or in the total capital funds of the industry as a whole. Structural changes mark the shifting of production structure from one period in another period, which is also reflected on the development of the industry. Can be analyzed from several aspects. In the case of the Republic of Macedonia, you should be careful of the fact that by 1998. The State Statistical Office collected data on the annual report on the industry according to the single classification of the activities set out in 1976, and since 1999. The annual report on the industry is prepared according to the data collected on the basis of the national classification of activities. This classification is based on the international standard classification and is compliant with the classification applicable to EU countries. It obliges members of the Union in a unique way to express the structure of the economy, allowing easier and more objective comparison. According to the 1976 classification, the industry was determined as a commercial activity with 35 branches (along with energy and raw branches). However, according to the new national classification, the industry is determined as the sector in the economy with 12 departments, and it is limited to the processing industry. In function of the analysis of the structure and structural changes, various groupings of industrial branches (departments) can be made, depending on the needs and objectives of the analysis. They usually differ: heavy and easy industry; base industry and other industrial branches; Extractive and processing industry; propulsive and traditional branches, etc. In the initial phase of the industrialization of Macedonia, under the influence of the then ruling ideology, the emphasis in industrial development was placed on the heavy industry. However, the domination of such a policy did not cause major changes, because initially did not receive priority bases, but the branches of the light industry: the textile, the tobacco and food industry (hence, at the beginning of the transition, i.e. in the 1990s, the heavy The industry participated with about 30%, and light with 70% in the total industrial production). In the structure of the industry of Macedonia in the mid-1960s, the tobacco, food and textile industry dominate, which actually began the development of the industry in Macedonia before the Second World War. Namely, 1965, more than half of the total OA created in the industry (more precisely 53%) came from the traditional branches: the tobacco industry, the textile industry, leather and footwear and the foodstuff industry and beverages. On the other hand, it was small the representation of the base and the main industrial branches (black metallurgy, metalworking and machinery, the production of electrical machines and equipment, etc.). In the period 1965-1990 Significant changes in the industrial structure occurred. Economic science proposed various solutions for the structural orientation of the industry, but economic policy, without complex analyzes and without the perceiving of developmental factors and conditions, forced other branches, which later proved to be a wrong development orientation. For example, the development of black and colored metallurgy was forced, although they had unfavorable development conditions, compared to existing resources for other branches. In this way, the branches that the economic science recommended as priorities and developers of development (metal processing industry, machinery, electrical industry, electrical material, electronics, production of equipment, vehicles and permanent consumables, etc.). To a certain improvement in the IDustrial structure came during 1990. The share of traditional industrial branches has already been reduced, and the participation of the special, propulsive and main industrial branches is increased, however, the production of textile products, leather and footwear, retained its relatively high participation in the new structure. However, the final production is growing, ie the production of footwear and the integral changes in the industry in Macedonia – participation in OP (in%) branches 1965 1990 1990 1995 Here textile products, and reduces the production of leather and textile fabrics and yarns. This is a new moment and higher quality in the structure of the industry. Improvement of the industrial structure also occurs with the increase in the participation of modern, propulsive industrial branches: the production of electrical machines and equipment, metal processing industry, production and processing of chemical products, the production of traffic funds, etc. However, the significant carrier industrial branch, such as machinery, not only did not increase, but also reduced its participation, which is certainly an unfavorable feature. During the 1990s, only the tobacco industry, the industry of building materials, chemical industry and especially electricity in other industrial branches, recorded. However, most of the industrial branches that had high participation in the structure of the industry declined. Thus, more or less, industrial production, in 1995. Electric Power Company 6.4 7,9 24,8 fell in black metallurgy, oil derivatives, metallo-coal – 0,1 0,0 Working industry, Industric derivatives – 4.0 0.0 Trade of traffic funds, iron ore 0 , 1 0.1 Electromasina Industry, Black Metallurgy 1.0 7.5 3.1 Production of Final Pro-Rudy of Colored Metals 3.7 2.0 3.6 Exodus of wood, Production Colored metals – 1,8 0, 3 of textiles and leather and food processing of non-ferrous metals 0.5 0.6 1.8 Benna industry. Towards the end of the production of non-metallic ores 1,0 1.4 0.4 XX. Some of the capacities in these branches, partial or overcoming non-metal, 4.3 2.1 1.1 1.7 But were restarted, making after-metallic processing 1.6 4.3 1.2 Winterfully affected structure 0.9 0.7 0.1 installment of the industry (such is the presentation of the funds 4.6 5.3 2.1 MEETH with the production of Che electromashin construction and equipment 2.5 5.5 4.6 character and non-ferrous metals, but not with Production of chemical products 2.4 5.2 5.9 The production of ores and premature chemical products 2,2 3.7 5.1 The bot of non-ferrous metals, then production and processing stone and sand 1,3 0.8 0.6 of nonmetals, etc.). Building material 5.0 3.6 5.4.: State Statistical Office, Stand Carts and Plates 0.2 0.5 0.1 Table Yearbooks For the appropriate annual products of wood 3.9 2.5 0.9 Neither, Skopje. Paper 0,4 0.7 0.7 Lit.: Nikola Uzunov, Structural Orientation in the Industry of the Republic of Macedonia-textile yarns and fabrics 10.4 6.3 5.3, the attachment to the projection for long-term textile products 6 , 4 10.5 9.3 Provide, “Commercial Review”, no. 3-4, Skopje, 1972; Nikola Kljusev, striking 1.6 1,2 0.7 difficult guidelines for the long-term footwear development 2.2 3,3 0,8 SR Macedonia, “Economic Review”, no. Rubber 0.4 0.0 0.2 3-4, 1972, Skopje; Metodija Nestorovski, Food Products 9.7 6.4 5.7 Restructuation of the industry of SR Macedonia, Skopje 1989. P. N. Beverage 1.5 3.2 2.7 Food 0,0 0.2 0.3 Structural Chemistry in Tutunska 24.8 7,0 11,4 Macedonia – Scientific area What in Macedonia real for graphic 1.0 1.1 0.7 starts in 1965. With the procurement of a variety of 0.0 0.5 0.3, the first spectrophotometer. Based-total: 100 100 100 Non-speaker of these investigating laboratory at the Institute of Chemistry at the PMF in Skopje, Ivan Petrov, who soon joined Bojan Shoptrayanov. Under their leadership of the Chemical Institute, a group dealing with the study of the vibrational spectra of simple and complex inorganic and organic compounds, especially those in which hydrogen bonding is present. In the early 70s of the past century, the research expanded on X-ray-structural analysis, and even later on the theoretical structural chemistry. A very fruitful field of research were saccharinate and thiosaccharinating compounds, and later minerals from Macedonia. The Structural Chemistry Group at the Chemical Institute is widely internationally known. B. w. 408 km, of which 290 km or 71.1% flow in Bulgaria, and 118 km or 28.9% in Greece. The total decline of $ is 2.286 m, and the average 5.6 ‰. The basin covers an area of 17,000 km 2, of which Bulgaria belong to 10,797 km 2 or 63.5%, and Greece 6.203 km 2 or 36.5%. The water of r. Struma is used for irrigation and electricity generation. Lit.: K. Ivanov, V. Marinov, T. Pannoc, A. Petkov, the hydrogy of Bílgaria. Sofia, 1961. Dr. C.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис СТРУКТУРАТА И СТРУКТУРНИТЕ ПРОМЕНИ ВО ИНДУСТРИЈАТА