History of the Macedonian language. After the coming of the Slavs of the Balkan Peninsula, the first Slavic literary language was created, known as Old Slavic (IX c.). On his basis, Macedonian speech from Thessaloniki is taken. St. Cyril created the first Slavic alphabet – Glagolitic (863) and along with his brother St. Methodius made the first translations from Greek to Old Slavic language for the needs of the service in the Moravian Principality. Old Slavic, as the language of church literature, along with literacy, was transferred to Slavic countries, where elements from local speech were also entered. In the Ohrid literary center, created by Students St. Cyril and St. Methodius – St. Clement and St. Naum, in the texts are preserved from ⅹ to ⅻ c., Language elements of Macedonian speeches. Then the process of differentiation of the Macedonian language, that is, its dialects, in relation to Bulgarian speeches (eg, the replacement of the Erus in the closed syllable: ý is, in O). By ⅻ to ⅹⅳ c. Macedonian language elements have increasingly reached the fore in the texts of that period (eg, equalizing the nasal vocal – (EN) by <(JAT), after losing the nasal vault in -). During this period, the Lesnovo literary center had a major role. From ⅹⅳ c., In the texts originating in Macedonia, the Serbian language influence (the so-called Serbian language of old Slavic language) became more often the Serbian feudal. After the arrival of the Turks towards the end of the ⅹⅳ and the beginning of ⅹⅴ c. The literary activity almost dared, and the Old Slavic language gave the place of the folk language in everyday communication. In the period from ⅹⅴⅰ to ⅹⅰⅹ c. The national language slowly squeezed the Old Slavic, primarily in the practical written use (letters, notes, etc.), and in the texts with church content, although the Old Slavic was used, language peculiarities from the People's Macedonian speeches are increasingly recognized. Impact on the introduction of the National language in the texts with church content carried out the sermons of the Greek preacher Damaskin Study (ⅹⅴⅰ c. In ⅹⅴⅰⅰⅰ c. On the territory of Macedonia there were Russian books through which the influence of the Russian editorial office of the Old Slavic language in church use was spread. In the beginning, Faximil on the title of ⅹⅰⅹ c. The Greek influence has been strengthened, so during that period in more common use is the Greek alphabet. In the second half of ⅹⅰⅹ c. The issue of literary language that will unite all Macedonian local speeches. In the 30s, until 1844, in writing is the eastern Macedonian dialect with Latering from the Bulgarian as a common writer (N. Rilski). In the 50s of ⅹⅰⅹ c., Given the historical circumstances (the common struggle of the Macedonian and Bulgarian citizenship against the Constantinople Patriarchate, and thus the use of the Greek language in the church and schools), aspiration appeared (P. Zografski ) for common so-called. "Middle" language for Macedonians and Bulgarians. Contrary to this opinion, advocates for the Macedonian national cause - "Macedonists" (F. Pulevski) advocated a literary language separated from the Bulgarian. In writers from that period, in terms of language, both views are noticed. Toward the end of ⅹⅰⅹ c. And the beginning of ⅹⅹ c. Serbian, Greek and Bulgarian propaganda have been strengthened in Macedonia. In the 90s of ⅹⅰⅹ c. A group of Macedonian intellectuals united around the SP. "Loza", which in their articles use words from the Macedonian dialects. In 1893/94 In Belgrade, the cultural and educational company "Vardar" with a program for studying the language and ethnography of Macedonia is also established. When it is stifled, the Macedonian club in Belgrade is formed, which begins to a page from the four-sided (ⅹⅳ c.) Historical Krste Petkov Misirkov, Faximil from the book "For the Macedonian works" it also published its printed body "Balkan Messenger" (1902), and When he was suppressed, the main organizers and editor. J. Dedov and D. T. Mishajkov went to S.-Petersburg and together with K. Misirkov, Dimitrija Chupovski and others founded Macedonian scientific-literary comrades (1902) with a clear determination for the Macedonian literary language. In 1903 In Sofia, the book "For the Macedonian works" from Krste P. is printed in Sofia. Misirkov, with theoretical explanation and practical application of the codification of the modern Macedonian literary language. Misirkov takes the central dialect for the basis of the literary language, and in terms of orthography, it was represented for the phonetic principle, with small concessions in etymology. After the division of Macedonia (1913) between Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria, the issue of the literary Macedonian language, although it was prevented by the rulers in all three countries, was increasingly present in the Macedonian intelligence, but also in the working class. There have been a growing number of creations written in Macedonian language. Following the decision of the Comintern (1934), and internationally, the right of the Macedonian people in their own literary language of the special Macedonian nation is affirmed. The final dismissal of the question of the Macedonian literary language becomes at the ⅰ session of ASNOM (2. 1944), when the Macedonian was declared the official language of the Macedonian state. In the period from 1943 to 1991 In the Federal Yugoslavia, the Macedonian language, according to the Constitution, has equal treatment with the other three official languages, but in certain areas and activities (for example, in the army and other institutions and organizations of federal character) there is limited use. After the independence of the Republic of Macedonia as an independent state, the Macedonian literary language is used in all spheres of social life. In addition to the territory of the Republic of Macedonia (as official), the Macedonian language is also spoken in Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Kosovo, Serbia, as well as in the diaspora, where there is numerous Macedonian emigration. The number of Macedonian speakers is estimated at around 2,500,000. According to the classification of languages, the Macedonian belongs to the Indo-European language family, as one of the South Slavic languages. Lit.: BL. Koneski, history of the Macedonian language, Skopje, 1965; It, grammar of the Macedonian literary language, and Skopje, 1952. Mr. Cv.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис ИСТОРИЈА НА МАКЕДОНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК