Impact of environmental factors on the forest cover in Macedonia. Environmental factor is an element of the external environment that performs the direct effect of appearance, structure and dissemination of forest phytocenoses. These factors are numerous and commonly shared on climatic, soil, relief and biotic. Relief factors do not fit into this definition, but still stand out, they are very influenced by other environmental factors. The temperature requires the horizontal and vertical layout of vegetation, depending on the length of the vegetation period. K. Ruble (1965) split medium and northern Europe to forest areas, according to the length of the vegetation period. Starting from his classification of oak prencranes, they develop over the 300-360 days of vegetation period, and forests of oak blag and flatness for 240-300 days, while beech forests are developed over 120-180 days. The water very sharply differentiated forest communities. Water source is precipitation. They are characterized by quantities and schedule throughout the year. It has long been known that 500 mm precipitation in Northern Europe means a humid climate, and in North Africa dry climate. This is a consequence of evaporation and the saturation of air with water vapor. Therefore, indicators of the integral effect of precipitation and temperature are used for the character of the climate. The best play for the character of the climate is obtained through the Climigram for H. Nualter (1955). Climaviaigrams The main meteorological stations in Macedonia are shown in the book “Characteristics of climate-vegetation-soil zones (regions) in the Republic of Macedonia,” Filipovski, etc. (1996). Climadiagrams, it is seen that all climax oak phytocenoses are xerophilic, because they are developing in conditions of summer drought, and beech phytocenoses are mesophilic bi-lengths are developed in conditions where there is no drought period. Apart from these, there are hygrophilic phytocenoses along the rivers and melts. The ecological role of the snow is noticed on the roads of the avalanches. There are phytocenosis, which require protection from winter colds (eg Ass. In addition, in the subalpine belt, due to constant screaming and correction of the young forest, the stems remain parties. Fog has a great environmental role. It represents a condensed water vapor in the ground layer of air. The fog in the subalpine belt lasts quite long, from autumn to spring. In the mountain belt, it is shorter, while in the subplanine slightly up-toj. But on some mountains in the ravines where there is no wind, a beech forest is developing, for example, the gorge Matka. But it is usually a forest of black gabbilia (irregular. In deep senses of doles with high air moisture, a forest of walnut and wild chestnut is developed. Of particular ecological importance is the air deficit with water vapor. During a deficit of 15 mm is the boundary of the forest, and for a deficit of 10 mm is the limit of the fresh forest. The wind highly affects the shape of the trunks, especially the interlacing of the branches. The Kicenica (Bistra), the whole forest of Ella is inverted and broken. From the soil factors, the reaction is a significant role. After the mountains of Eastern Macedonia, east of Vardar is widely distributed acidophilic beech forest ASS. Luzululo-Fagetum, and west of Vardar it is not encountered. In Macedonia, the rockers are of particular importance. The dolomite stones develop pine forests, on the granite mulpeople forests, the serpentine forests of wild foja, and the strikes of Shibes of Shimshire and Lioran are growing. R. R.
Original article in Macedonian language Cyrillic alphabet
Кириличен напис ВЛИЈАНИЕ НА ЕКОЛОШКИТЕ ФАКТОРИ ВРЗ ШУМСКИОТ ПОКРИВАЧ ВО МАКЕДОНИЈА